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[User]
{"html":"\t\t\t
Alan F. Kaufman
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPartner
\n\t\t\t\t
\n                        330 Madison Avenue\n
27th Floor\n
\n                        New York, NY 10017\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tT 212.413.9016
\n\t\t\t\talan.kaufman@nelsonmullins.com\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
AlanÂ focuses his practice on complex litigation. He has litigated complex, commercial cases in New York and New Jersey state and federal courts. His practice involves a wide range of matters, including business tort disputes; breach of contract actions; mortgage, mortgageâ€“backed securities, and real estate related litigation; intellectual property infringement; insurance coverage; and appeals.
\n
Alan also regularly...
\n                        \t<button>+ Read More</button>\n
AlanÂ focuses his practice on complex litigation. He has litigated complex, commercial cases in New York and New Jersey state and federal courts. His practice involves a wide range of matters, including business tort disputes; breach of contract actions; mortgage, mortgageâ€“backed securities, and real estate related litigation; intellectual property infringement; insurance coverage; and appeals.
\n
Alan also regularly counsels clients in the development, licensing, and protection of intellectual property and on unfair competition, the Lanham Act, and trademark and infringement. He also routinely assists clients in the registration and prosecution of trademarks and other issues relating to the protection of intellectual property rights.
    \n\t            \t
counsels clients in the development, licensing, and protection of intellectual property and on unfair competition, the Lanham Act, and trademark and infringement. He also routinely assists clients in the registration and prosecution of trademarks and other issues relating to the protection of intellectual property rights.

\n            \t
\n                \t
\n                        <button>Overview</button>\n
\n                                        \t                        \t                            \t                                \t
\n                                        <button>Experience</button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n
\n                            <button>Media</button>\n
\n                                        \t
\n                            <button>Recognitions</button>\n
\n                                        \t
\n                            <button>Professional Activities</button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n                                        \t
                        \t\n                            <button>Community</button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n
\n
Experience
\n                                            The following is a selected sampling of matters and is provided for informational purposes only. Past success does not indicate the likelihood of success in any future matter.\n
Representative Matters
\n
\n\t
Complex Litigation\n\t
\n\t\t
Defense of a credit card processor in a tortious interference and de facto merger case arising out of a contract not assumed in an asset purchase transaction
\n\t\t
Defense of a retail chain store in an action brought by a New York City law firm for a \"success\" fee based on an exchange of email correspondence
\n\t\t
Defense of a credit card processor for breach of contract in connection with the provision of certain credit card services to cruise lines
\n\t\t
Prosecution of a breach of contract action arising out of the sale of defective vehicles to be used as handicap accessible NYC taxis
\n\t\t
Prosecution of a contribution action on behalf of a party found liable for fraud in an underlying action against accounting firm arising out of a tax shelter
\n\t\t
Defense of a Canadian energy retailer in a class action alleging violation of statutes prohibiting deceptive sales practices and advertising
\n\t\tÂ
\n\t
\n\t
\n\t
Insurance\n\t
\n\t\t
Declaratory judgment action concerning whether barge alleged to have breached levees during Hurricane Katrina, thereby causing the flooding of the City of New Orleans, was covered under the insuredâ€™s P & I policy
\n\t\t
Coverage action relating to insurance for facilityâ€™s alleged secret videotaping of hundreds of female patrons
\n\t\t
Defense of an indenture trustee in a declaratory judgment action concerning the applicability of insurance coverage for environmental damages to property held as collateral
\n\t\t
Prosecution of an insurance coverage action on behalf of manufacturer for losses sustained during the 2003 AirTrain accident
\n\t\tÂ
\n\t
\n\t
\n\t
Real Estate\n\t
\n\t\t
Prosecution and defense of claims for breach of guaranty in relation to defaulted loans
\n\t\t
Defense of mortgage lenders in contested foreclosure actions
\n\t\t
Defense of mortgage lenders in actions seeking to void mortgage
\n\t\t
Defense of lender liability actions
\n\t\tÂ
\n\t
\n\t
\n\t
Intellectual Property\n\t
\n\t\t
Defense of sporting association from trademark infringement claims brought by worldâ€“famous clothing designer
\n\t\t
Prosecution and defense of opposition and cancellation proceedings before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board
\n\t\tÂ
\n\t
\n\t
\n\t
Trademark Prosecution\n\t
\n\t\t
Procured trademark registrations from the United States Patent & Trademark Office on a variety of products and services, including for the shape of a clientâ€™s products after relatively short period of use â€” a distinction typically reserved for famous product configurations
\n\t\t
Cleared numerous trademarks in variety of sectors
\n\t\tÂ
\n\t
\n\t
\n\t
Creditors' Rights\n\t
\n\t\t
Pursued claims on behalf of state insurance department in relation to the liquidation of a failed health insurer, including claims for accounting malpractice, RICO, directors and officers liability and insurance related issues
\n\t\t
Defense of preferential and fraudulent transfer claims
\n\t\tÂ
\n\t
\n\t
\n\t
Corporate Litigation\n\t
\n\t\t
Defended bank and its directors against insurgent shareholders seeking to \"sterilize\" voting right during proxy contest for election of directors
\n\t\t
Defended corporation and its directors against insurgent shareholder seeking to invalidate \"bad boy\" provision in byâ€“laws in relation to election of directors
\n\t
\n\t
\n
\n
Previous Professional Experience
\n
\n\t
Partner in the New York offices of two large law firms
\n
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Education
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t                                                \tFordham University School of Law,                                                \n                                                                                JD                                                    \n                                                                                (1999)\n
\n
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t                                                \tBrandeis University,                                                \n                                                                                BA,                                                    \n                                                                                cum laude                                                                                \n                                                                                (1996)\n
\n
\n                                                                        Â \n
Admissions
\n
\n
New Jersey
\n
New York
\n
Pennsylvania
\n
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
\n
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
\n
U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey
\n
U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York
\n
U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
\n
U.S. District Court for the Western District of New York
\n
U.S. District Court for the Northern District of New York
\n
U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
\n
\n
Practice Areas
\n
\n
\n                                                                                Litigation\n
\n
\n                                                                                Dispute Resolution Solutions\n
\n
\n                                                                                Commercial Litigation & Business Torts\n
\n
\n                                                                                Consumer Financial Services\n
\n
\n                                                                                Business Services\n
\n
\n
Industries
\n
\n
Insurance
\n
Consumer Products & Retail
\n
\n                                                        The following is a selected sampling of matters and is provided for informational purposes only. Past success does not indicate the likelihood of success in any future matter.\n\t\t\t
Representative Matters
\n
\n\t
Complex Litigation\n\t
\n\t\t
Defense of a credit card processor in a tortious interference and de facto merger case arising out of a contract not assumed in an asset purchase transaction
\n\t\t
Defense of a retail chain store in an action brought by a New York City law firm for a \"success\" fee based on an exchange of email correspondence
\n\t\t
Defense of a credit card processor for breach of contract in connection with the provision of certain credit card services to cruise lines
\n\t\t
Prosecution of a breach of contract action arising out of the sale of defective vehicles to be used as handicap accessible NYC taxis
\n\t\t
Prosecution of a contribution action on behalf of a party found liable for fraud in an underlying action against accounting firm arising out of a tax shelter
\n\t\t
Defense of a Canadian energy retailer in a class action alleging violation of statutes prohibiting deceptive sales practices and advertising
\n\t\tÂ
\n\t
\n\t
\n\t
Insurance\n\t
\n\t\t
Declaratory judgment action concerning whether barge alleged to have breached levees during Hurricane Katrina, thereby causing the flooding of the City of New Orleans, was covered under the insuredâ€™s P & I policy
\n\t\t
Coverage action relating to insurance for facilityâ€™s alleged secret videotaping of hundreds of female patrons
\n\t\t
Defense of an indenture trustee in a declaratory judgment action concerning the applicability of insurance coverage for environmental damages to property held as collateral
\n\t\t
Prosecution of an insurance coverage action on behalf of manufacturer for losses sustained during the 2003 AirTrain accident
\n\t\tÂ
\n\t
\n\t
\n\t
Real Estate\n\t
\n\t\t
Prosecution and defense of claims for breach of guaranty in relation to defaulted loans
\n\t\t
Defense of mortgage lenders in contested foreclosure actions
\n\t\t
Defense of mortgage lenders in actions seeking to void mortgage
\n\t\t
Defense of lender liability actions
\n\t\tÂ
\n\t
\n\t
\n\t
Intellectual Property\n\t
\n\t\t
Defense of sporting association from trademark infringement claims brought by worldâ€“famous clothing designer
\n\t\t
Prosecution and defense of opposition and cancellation proceedings before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board
\n\t\tÂ
\n\t
\n\t
\n\t
Trademark Prosecution\n\t
\n\t\t
Procured trademark registrations from the United States Patent & Trademark Office on a variety of products and services, including for the shape of a clientâ€™s products after relatively short period of use â€” a distinction typically reserved for famous product configurations
\n\t\t
Cleared numerous trademarks in variety of sectors
\n\t\tÂ
\n\t
\n\t
\n\t
Creditors' Rights\n\t
\n\t\t
Pursued claims on behalf of state insurance department in relation to the liquidation of a failed health insurer, including claims for accounting malpractice, RICO, directors and officers liability and insurance related issues
\n\t\t
Defense of preferential and fraudulent transfer claims
\n\t\tÂ
\n\t
\n\t
\n\t
Corporate Litigation\n\t
\n\t\t
Defended bank and its directors against insurgent shareholders seeking to \"sterilize\" voting right during proxy contest for election of directors
\n\t\t
Defended corporation and its directors against insurgent shareholder seeking to invalidate \"bad boy\" provision in byâ€“laws in relation to election of directors
\n\t
\n\t
\n
\n
Previous Professional Experience
\n
\n\t
Partner in the New York offices of two large law firms
\n
\n                            \t
Media
\n                                        Visit Insights\n                            \t
Recognitions
\n                                        The bar rules of some states require that the standards for an attorney's inclusion in certain public accolades or recognitions be provided.  When such accolades or recognitions are listed, a hyperlink is provided that leads to a description of the respective selection methodology. \n

\n
\n\t
\"Acritas Star\" by Acritas (2018â€“2019)
\n\t
New York \"Super Lawyer,\" Business Litigation\n\t
\n\t\t
Super Lawyer (2015â€“2025)
\n\t\t
\"Rising Star\" (2013â€“2014)
\n\t
\n\t
\n
\n                            \t
Professional Activities
\n
\n\t
New York City Bar Association\n\t
\n\t\t
Inâ€“House/Outside Counsel Litigation Group
\n\t
\n\t
\n\t
Mortgage Bankers Association\n\t
\n\t\t
Litigation Committee (2015â€“2016)
\n\t
\n\t
\n\t
International Trademark Association\n\t
\n\t\t
Emerging Issues Committee, Member (2018â€“Present)
\n\t\t
Data Protection Committee, Member (2016â€“2018)
\n\t\t
Enforcement Committee, Member (2014â€“2016)
\n\t\t
Proâ€“Bono Committee, Member (2012â€“2014)
\n\t\t
Speaking and Authorship Subâ€“Committee, Chair
\n\t\t
Proâ€“Bono Task Force, Member (2011â€“2012)
\n\t
\n\t
\n
\n                            \t
Community
\n
\n\t
Camp Ramah in the Poconos, Board Member (2008â€“2014)
\n\t
Fundraiser and participant, Leukemia, Lymphoma Society Team in Training program
\n
\n
\n                                Overview\n                                \n
\n
AlanÂ focuses his practice on complex litigation. He has litigated complex, commercial cases in New York and New Jersey state and federal courts. His practice involves a wide range of matters, including business tort disputes; breach of contract actions; mortgage, mortgageâ€“backed securities, and real estate related litigation; intellectual property infringement; insurance coverage; and appeals.
\n
Alan also regularly...\n                                            counsels clients in the development, licensing, and protection of intellectual property and on unfair competition, the Lanham Act, and trademark and infringement. He also routinely assists clients in the registration and prosecution of trademarks and other issues relating to the protection of intellectual property rights.
\n
Experience
\n                                                The following is a selected sampling of matters and is provided for informational purposes only. Past success does not indicate the likelihood of success in any future matter.

\n
Representative Matters
\n
\n\t
Complex Litigation\n\t
\n\t\t
Defense of a credit card processor in a tortious interference and de facto merger case arising out of a contract not assumed in an asset purchase transaction
\n\t\t
Defense of a retail chain store in an action brought by a New York City law firm for a \"success\" fee based on an exchange of email correspondence
\n\t\t
Defense of a credit card processor for breach of contract in connection with the provision of certain credit card services to cruise lines
\n\t\t
Prosecution of a breach of contract action arising out of the sale of defective vehicles to be used as handicap accessible NYC taxis
\n\t\t
Prosecution of a contribution action on behalf of a party found liable for fraud in an underlying action against accounting firm arising out of a tax shelter
\n\t\t
Defense of a Canadian energy retailer in a class action alleging violation of statutes prohibiting deceptive sales practices and advertising
\n\t\tÂ
\n\t
\n\t
\n\t
Insurance\n\t
\n\t\t
Declaratory judgment action concerning whether barge alleged to have breached levees during Hurricane Katrina, thereby causing the flooding of the City of New Orleans, was covered under the insuredâ€™s P & I policy
\n\t\t
Coverage action relating to insurance for facilityâ€™s alleged secret videotaping of hundreds of female patrons
\n\t\t
Defense of an indenture trustee in a declaratory judgment action concerning the applicability of insurance coverage for environmental damages to property held as collateral
\n\t\t
Prosecution of an insurance coverage action on behalf of manufacturer for losses sustained during the 2003 AirTrain accident
\n\t\tÂ
\n\t
\n\t
\n\t
Real Estate\n\t
\n\t\t
Prosecution and defense of claims for breach of guaranty in relation to defaulted loans
\n\t\t
Defense of mortgage lenders in contested foreclosure actions
\n\t\t
Defense of mortgage lenders in actions seeking to void mortgage
\n\t\t
Defense of lender liability actions
\n\t\tÂ
\n\t
\n\t
\n\t
Intellectual Property\n\t
\n\t\t
Defense of sporting association from trademark infringement claims brought by worldâ€“famous clothing designer
\n\t\t
Prosecution and defense of opposition and cancellation proceedings before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board
\n\t\tÂ
\n\t
\n\t
\n\t
Trademark Prosecution\n\t
\n\t\t
Procured trademark registrations from the United States Patent & Trademark Office on a variety of products and services, including for the shape of a clientâ€™s products after relatively short period of use â€” a distinction typically reserved for famous product configurations
\n\t\t
Cleared numerous trademarks in variety of sectors
\n\t\tÂ
\n\t
\n\t
\n\t
Creditors' Rights\n\t
\n\t\t
Pursued claims on behalf of state insurance department in relation to the liquidation of a failed health insurer, including claims for accounting malpractice, RICO, directors and officers liability and insurance related issues
\n\t\t
Defense of preferential and fraudulent transfer claims
\n\t\tÂ
\n\t
\n\t
\n\t
Corporate Litigation\n\t
\n\t\t
Defended bank and its directors against insurgent shareholders seeking to \"sterilize\" voting right during proxy contest for election of directors
\n\t\t
Defended corporation and its directors against insurgent shareholder seeking to invalidate \"bad boy\" provision in byâ€“laws in relation to election of directors
\n\t
\n\t
\n
\n
Previous Professional Experience
\n
\n\t
Partner in the New York offices of two large law firms
\n
\n
Education
\n
\n
\n                                                                                Fordham University School of Law,                                                    \n                                                                                JD                                                    \n                                                                                (1999)\n
\n
\n                                                                                Brandeis University,                                                    \n                                                                                BA,                                                    \n                                                                                cum laude                                                                                \n                                                                                (1996)\n
\n
\n
Admissions
\n
\n
New Jersey
\n
New York
\n
Pennsylvania
\n
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
\n
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
\n
U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey
\n
U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York
\n
U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
\n
U.S. District Court for the Western District of New York
\n
U.S. District Court for the Northern District of New York
\n
U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
\n
\n
Practice Areas
\n
\n
Litigation
\n
Dispute Resolution Solutions
\n
Commercial Litigation & Business Torts
\n
Consumer Financial Services
\n
Business Services
\n
\n
Industries
\n
\n
Insurance
\n
Consumer Products & Retail
\n
\n
\n                                    \n                                      Articles & Speeches\n                                    \n
\n                                                                                <pageablepostlist></pageablepostlist>\n                                                                                <pageablepostlist></pageablepostlist>\n                                                                                <pageablepostlist></pageablepostlist>\n                                            Visit Insights\n
\n                                    \n                                      Recognitions\n                                    \n
\n                                            The bar rules of some states require that the standards for an attorney's inclusion in certain public accolades or recognitions be provided.  When such accolades or recognitions are listed, a hyperlink is provided that leads to a description of the respective selection methodology. \n

\n
\n\t
\"Acritas Star\" by Acritas (2018â€“2019)
\n\t
New York \"Super Lawyer,\" Business Litigation\n\t
\n\t\t
Super Lawyer (2015â€“2025)
\n\t\t
\"Rising Star\" (2013â€“2014)
\n\t
\n\t
\n
\n
\n                            \n                              Professional Activities\n                            \n
\n
\n\t
New York City Bar Association\n\t
\n\t\t
Inâ€“House/Outside Counsel Litigation Group
\n\t
\n\t
\n\t
Mortgage Bankers Association\n\t
\n\t\t
Litigation Committee (2015â€“2016)
\n\t
\n\t
\n\t
International Trademark Association\n\t
\n\t\t
Emerging Issues Committee, Member (2018â€“Present)
\n\t\t
Data Protection Committee, Member (2016â€“2018)
\n\t\t
Enforcement Committee, Member (2014â€“2016)
\n\t\t
Proâ€“Bono Committee, Member (2012â€“2014)
\n\t\t
Speaking and Authorship Subâ€“Committee, Chair
\n\t\t
Proâ€“Bono Task Force, Member (2011â€“2012)
\n\t
\n\t
\n
\n
\n                                \n                                  Community\n                                \n
\n
\n\t
Camp Ramah in the Poconos, Board Member (2008â€“2014)
\n\t
Fundraiser and participant, Leukemia, Lymphoma Society Team in Training program
\n
\n
Highlights from the Firmâ€™s Insights
\n\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        Bedazzled, but Protectable? The Trademark Questions Behind â€œMURRRDERâ€� Merch Dispute\n                            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        Public-Private Partnerships in Higher Education: A Decision Guide for CFOs...\n                            \n                    \t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        Atlanta Partners Author Q&A on Aligning Construction Contracts and Loans\n                            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        The AI Summit and the Power Behind It: What the...\n                            \n                    \t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        California â€œFair Investment Practices by Venture Capital Companiesâ€� Law Practical...\n                            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n                                                        What Fund Sponsors Need to Do Now: Registration and Reporting...\n                            \n","instructions":["'first_name' => 'Extract only the attorney\\'s first name.',\r\n'middle_name' => 'Extract only the attorney\\'s middle name or middle initial, as it is presented. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'surname' => 'Extract the attorney\u2019s last name or family name',\r\n'email' => 'Extract a valid email address for the profiled attorney. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'title' => 'Extract the profiled attorney\\'s job title. Ensure it is properly capitalized.The attorney can have multiple titles, in which case list them all as an array. If no title is found, return an empty array.',\r\n'location' => 'Extract the office name or city name in which this attorney works, as it is listed. The attorney may work out of two offices, in which case both should be listed. List them as an array.',\r\n'direct_phone_no_1' => 'Extract the direct office phone number listed for this attorney. If multiple phone numbers are listed, select the one that is their direct line, not the main or central office number, nor a fax number. If the attorney works out of two offices and has a direct line for each office, list the first here. If a direct line is unavailable, but a main or central office number is listed with an extension, list that number followed by EXT and the extension number',\r\n'direct_phone_no_2' => 'Extract the second direct office phone number listed for this attorney, if it exists. If multiple direct phone numbers are listed because the attorney works out of two office, select the second number \u2013 not the one listed in the prior item. Select only a number that is the attorney\u2019s direct line, not the main or central office number, nor a fax number.',\r\n'image_url' => 'Extract the URL for the attorney\u2019s image file',\r\n'linkedIn' => 'Extract the URL for the attorney\u2019s LinkedIn profile, if it is listed. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'narrative_description' => 'Extract and combine all sections that provide a narrative overview of the attorney\u2019s biography and general work experience. Do not paraphrase, summarize, or omit information. Include the Biography/Bio section(s) and also include any Experience section that contains narrative descriptions of work (including sections structured as practice-area headings followed by descriptive paragraphs, e.g., \"Aging Services\" + paragraph text, \"Dental\" + paragraph text, etc.). Preserve headings and the order of content as it appears; you may convert embedded highlights into bullet points only if it helps preserve (not reduce) the information. EXCLUDE: any section (or subsection) that exclusively lists specific representative matters / representative experience items (typically a list of discrete matters, case captions like \"X v. Y\", deal/transaction bullet points, dated entries, courts/dockets, or similar itemized matter lists). If an Experience (or other) section contains BOTH narrative description AND a separate list of specific matters, include the narrative paragraphs/headings but omit the itemized matter list. Return the combined narrative text only. If no narrative bio or general-experience narrative exists, return an empty string.',\r\n'representative_matters' => 'Extract ALL representative matters (such as litigation cases, verdicts, transactions, or deals) that are listed as well any available descriptions of them, in both specified lists of representative matters, experience, and work highlights, as well as in the biographical text and list of news articles. If news articles for this attorney identify cases or transactions that can be inferred to be the work product of this attorney, include those matters as well. List the representative matters and their available descriptions as an array. Only pull from the text and do not paraphrase or make anything up. If no representative matters are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'news' => 'Extract news items ABOUT this attorney (not authored by them): e.g., firm/industry press releases, announcements, awards, rankings, deal/case results naming them, media coverage quoting or profiling them. List each item as \"Title (URL)\". If a \u201cNews\u201d section mixes authored content, include ONLY items that are clearly about the attorney or the firm, not implied to be authored by the attorney. Add base domain to relative links. Return an empty array [] if none.',\r\n'practice_areas' => 'Extract all the practice areas (aka departments, specialties, capabilities, services areas, areas of focus, etc.), if any, that are listed as ones that this attorney specializes in. Return them as an array. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'law_school' => 'Extract the law school attorney attended. This is for their primary law degree, usually a JD, LLB, or, in the absence of those, the earliest LLM listed or the institution where they received an undergraduate law degree. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'law_school_graduation_year' => 'Extract the year in which the attorney received their degree from the law school above (what year did they graduate?) If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'law_school_honors' => 'Extract all honors this attorney received in or during law school. You must review all education and credentials sections that list their law degree AND ALSO the narrative bio, as well as all other sectiosn. These honors include: latin honors (cum laude, summa cum laude, magna cum laude); school specific honors (e.g. James Kent Scholars at Columbia Law); regular honors designations (e.g. Dean\u2019s List, High Honors, etc.); Order of the Coif; course prizes (such as book awards, CALI Awards, American Jurisprudence Awards, or course awards); membership in phi kappa phi; scholarships and fellowships; moot court awards; trial advocacy awards; best oralis; brief-writing honors or other writing honors; pro bono or service distinctions; commencement prizes and medals; or other types of academic law school honors (but list them specifically - do not list them as \"other honors\". Return this entire extracted list of specific honors as an array. If no honors are found, return an empty array.',   \r\n'law_journals' =>' Extract any law reviews or law journals listed for the attorney's time in law school. Also list if the attorney had any titles in such law reviews or journals, like Articles Editor for example. Return this entire extracted list of law reviews and journals, and associated titles, as an array. If no law reviews or journals are found, return an empty array.'\r\n'undergraduate_school' => 'Extract the attorney\\'s undergraduate degree-granting school, college, university, or institution. This is probably the institution from where they received a bachelors degree. If their undergraduate degree was an LLB listed for their law school above, return an empty string. If no undergraduate schools are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'undergraduate_school_graduation_year' => 'Extract the year in which attorney received their undergraduate degree from the undergraduate school above. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'undergraduate_specialty' => 'Extract the specialties or majors that are listed for the undergraduate degree (e.g. economics, computer science, etc.) This does not include degree type, like B.S., Bachelor of Arts or Science degree, etc. List the specialties or majors as an array. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'PhD_school' => 'If this attorney has a PhD, Extract the educational institution from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'PhD_subject' => 'If this attorney has a PhD, list the educational institution from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Masters_degree_school' => 'If this attorney has a masters degree, extract the educational institution from which they received it. But do not list schools from which the attorney received an LL.M. degree or a masters in law. If no masters degree schools are found, return an empty string. ',\r\n'Masters_degree_subject' => 'If the attorney has a masters degree, extract the subject or area of study of the masters. The subject area may be in the degree itself, such as an M.Div, which is a masters in Divinity. But do not include subjects for LL.M. degrees or masters in law degrees. DO NOT include honors or latin honors (e.g. cum laude, summa cum laude) in your answer. List subjects as array. If no masters degree subjects are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'MBA_School' => 'If the attorney has a Masters in Business Administration, extract the name of the business school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'MD_school' => 'If the attorney has an MD (Doctor of Medicine) or DO (Doctor of Osteopathy) degree, extract the name of the medical school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'llm_in_tax_law_school' =>  'If the attorney has an masters in laws (LLM) degree, specializing in tax, extract the name of the law school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Other_LLM_school' => 'If the attorney has an masters in laws (LLM) degree, but not one that specializes in tax, extract the name of the law school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'bar_and_court_admissions' => 'Extract EVERY explicit admission to practice (bar + court/agency) anywhere in the page. Include bar jurisdictions (states/provinces/territories/countries) and court/agency admissions (e.g., U.S. Supreme Court, Courts of Appeals with circuit, District/Bankruptcy/Tax/Federal Claims courts with district, USPTO, tribal/military/foreign courts). For UK attorneys, specify whether they are a solicitor, barrister, advocate, or any combination if available; for Canada, specify the province or territory; for Australia, specify the state or territory and whether they are admitted as a solicitor or barrister. Pull items under headings like \u201cAdmissions,\u201d \u201cBar Admissions,\u201d \u201cCourt Admissions,\u201d or similar, and treat each
 or clearly separated entry as one item. Do not infer from memberships/education. Exclude governments as parties, and strip years and dates. Output a deduplicated array of exact admission strings; if none, return []. ',\r\n'Clerkships' => 'Extract every judicial or court clerkship held by this attorney, regardless of where it appears in the biography (including in lists of prior employment or mixed professional experience). Treat any role containing the word \u201cclerk,\u201d \u201cclerkship,\u201d \u201cjudicial law clerk,\u201d \u201claw clerk,\u201d or similar as a clerkship. For each clerkship, return the name of the court as an array item; if the biography provides the judge\u2019s name, DO NOT include it in your answer. Include clerkships in federal courts (including bankruptcy courts), state courts, appellate courts, supreme courts, magistrate judges, and any foreign courts. Do not skip clerkships that appear in long court titles. If no clerkships are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Clerkships_with_judge' => 'Extract every judicial or court clerkship held by this attorney, regardless of where it appears in the biography (including in lists of prior employment or mixed professional experience). Treat any role containing the word \u201cclerk,\u201d \u201cclerkship,\u201d \u201cjudicial law clerk,\u201d \u201claw clerk,\u201d or similar as a clerkship. For each clerkship, return the name of the court as an array item; if the biography provides the judge\u2019s name, include it in parentheses after the court name, and if no judge is named, return only the court. Include clerkships in federal courts (including bankruptcy courts), state courts, appellate courts, supreme courts, magistrate judges, and any foreign courts. Do not skip clerkships that lack judge names or that appear in long court titles. If no clerkships are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Memberships' => 'Extract any organizations the attorney a member of. List them as an array, with the attorney's role if available. If no memberships or organizations are listed, return an empty string.',\r\n'clients' => 'Extract the attorney's clients that are explicitly NAMED in the source code. You MUST review EVERY section (including explicit client lists, narrative biography, representative matters, experience, and news articles/titles) and then MERGE the results; do not stop after finding clients in any one section. If a list of representative matters or experience is present, extract NAMED clients from this list, and ignore any clients who are described in the list but who are not explicitly named in the list. Only include a client from the list of representative matters/experience or any other section if its name appears verbatim in the list and if the list clearly identifies the client as a real person, business, company, organization, or government entity. Do NOT include general descriptions, categories, roles, or descriptors that are not proper names (for example: \"Fortune 50 company\", \"medical billing company\", \"global bank\", \"mayoral candidate\", \"pharmacy\", \"trade association\", \"energy company\", or similar phrases). As an overarching rule, if the client is not identified by a proper name, do not include it. When pulling clients from lists of representative matters/experience and news articles, include clients which are named and which are implied to be represented by this attorney, their team or firm, and exclude parties adverse to such clients, opposing such clients, or on the other side of a case, deal or transaction from such clients. For example, if the representative matter/experience or news article's title mentions a lending transaction with both the lender and borrower, and the attorney or their team or firm represented the lender, do not list the borrower. If a litigation case is listed, do not assume that the lawyer represented the plaintiff. Use context or other language in the text to determine which party was represented by the attorney. If a matter lists the government as one party, assume the attorney represented the other named party and include that party if it is specifically named and not anonymous. As another example, if the representative matter/experience is a litigation case, and it is written that the attorney represented the defense (or \"defended\" his client), extract the defendant named in the case title. List all named clients as a deduplicated array of NAMES copied directly from the source text. Omit unnamed parties and anonymous parties and never guess identities. If no named clients are explicitly named anywhere in the source code, return an empty string.',\r\n'industries' => 'Extract ONLY industries/industry sectors or client-type categories explicitly named in the source code (especially, but not exclusively, under headings like \u201cIndustries,\u201d \u201cPractices & Industries,\u201d or in /industries/ links). Include items like \u201cSports,\u201d \u201cHealthcare & Life Sciences,\u201d \u201cTechnology,\u201d \u201cInfrastructure,\u201d \u201cPrivate Equity,\u201d etc. EXCLUDE practice areas, services, or deal/matter types (e.g., \u201cMergers & Acquisitions,\u201d \u201cPrivate Equity M&A,\u201d \u201cacquisitions,\u201d \u201cinvestments,\u201d \u201cdivestitures,\u201d \u201cjoint ventures,\u201d \u201cfinancing,\u201d \u201crestructurings\u201d). Return a deduplicated array of industry/client-type names as written. If none are explicitly named, return empty array.',\r\n'languages' => 'Extract the languages in which the attorney is fluent. List them as an array.',\r\n'Accolades' => 'Extract any accolades, awards, or other special recognitions this attorney has received, such as rankings in Chambers guides (like Chambers & Partners, Chambers Gobal, or Chambers Asia-Pacific), the Legal500 list, and SuperLawyers, among others. The accolades should be specific to this attorney or their work, not generalized to their practice or their firm. List these accolades as an array. If no accolades are listed, return an empty string.',\r\n'pro_bono_activities' => 'Extract the attorney's pro bono, community service, and volunteer activities, as well as any non-profit, ngo, community service organizations the attorney may be involved with. If a description of the work is provided, include that. List them as an array',\r\n'thought_leadership' => 'Extract ALL professional thought leadership attributed to this attorney in their narrative bio and in all \"Insights,\" \"Publications,\" \"Events,\" and similar sections. This includes all items with their authorship/co-authorship/speaking/hosting credit/(byline \u201cauthor,\u201d \"co-author,\" \u201cpresenter,\u201d \u201cspeaker,\u201d \u201cpanelist,\u201d \u201cwebinar,\u201d \u201cpodcast,\u201d \u201cblog,\u201d \u201carticle,\u201d \u201cpublication,\u201d \u201cchapter,\u201d \u201cCLE,\u201d etc.). This also includes any items that do not include their byline or credit, but which are implied to involve the attorney (for example, by being listed in a section on their profile for \"Insights,\" \"Podcasts,\" \"Events,\" \"Media,\" \"Thought Leadership,\" \"Webinars, etc.). If a \u201cNews\u201d or \u201cInsights\u201d section mixes third party news ABOUT this attorney, include only items implied to the attorney as creator/presenter. List each as \"Title (URL)\" when a link is present, otherwise just the title. Add base domain to relative links. Also include the publication, event/program, and date after the title if these are available. Return [] if none.'\r\n'adverse_parties' => 'Review all the source code, including the narrative bio and list of representative matters, and list EVERY identifiable and NAMED party that is adverse to this attorney\u2019s clients: litigation opponents and transaction counterparties (buyer vs seller, lender vs borrower, landlord vs tenant, licensor vs licensee, insurer vs insured, issuer vs underwriter/investor, etc.). You MUST pull from all sections in the source code - explicit lists of clients, the narrative biography, listed representative matters, or in news articles listed for this attorney, or the titles thereof. In M&A, if the attorney represented the buyer/acquirer, DO NOT list the acquired target as adverse (since it becomes the client); instead list only the selling side (seller, stockholders, founders, or divesting company). If the attorney represented the seller/target, list the buyer/acquirer. Use cues like \u201cto/with/from/against,\u201d \u201csale to/by,\u201d \u201cacquisition from/by,\u201d \u201cmerger with,\u201d \u201cfinanced by/loan to/from/credit facility with.\u201d In the attorney represented the owner or owning entity of a subsidiary/portfolio company (for example in the case of a restructuring or lending transaction), DO NOT list the subsidiary/portfolio company as adverse; Do not list governments/agencies/courts. Only include an adverse party if its name appears verbatim in the source code and clearly identifies a real person, business, company, organization, or government entity. Do NOT include general descriptions, categories, roles, or descriptors that are not proper names (for example: \"Fortune 50 company\", \"medical billing company\", \"global bank\", \"mayoral candidate\", \"pharmacy\", \"trade association\", \"energy company\", or similar phrases). If the text does not contain the adverse party's name, do not include it. Output a deduplicated array of exact names; omit unnamed parties and never guess.'\r\n 'affinity_groups' => 'Extract ALL affinity/identity-based organizations the attorney is affiliated with on the page, even if under generic headings like \u201cAssociations,\u201d \u201cMemberships,\u201d \u201cAffiliations,\u201d \u201cCommunities,\u201d or \u201cOrganizations.\u201d Check all sections of the source code. Include all bar or professional association whose name signals an identity/affinity or civil-rights focus (e.g., words like Black/African-American/AAPI/Asian/South Asian/Pacific Islander/Hispanic/Latino/Native/Indigenous/LGBT/LGBTQ/Queer/Women/Gender/Disability/Veteran/Jewish/Muslim/Christian/Hindu/Sikh/Interfaith/Civil Rights/Minority/Diversity/Inclusion). Exclude purely general trade/professional groups without such identity focus. Return a deduplicated array of exact organization names; if none, return empty array.'"]}


[System] Extract the following details from the provided HTML source code. Return only a valid JSON object. Do not include any other text.

[User]
{"html":"Skip to Main Content

Nikki L. Sanford

Partner
SeattleT +1.206.332.1399Email
Nikki Sanford focuses her intellectual property practice on patent prosecution and IP portfolio development in the physics, biotechnology, computer science, electrical engineering and mechanical engineering industries. Through her extensive research and academic experience, she is well-versed in a range of scientific fields and can quickly grasp new technologies. Nikki has worked on multinational research projects focusing on nuclear physics, bioengineering and computer science, and has conducted research in other areas such as biotechnology, mechanical engineering, electronics and mathematics.
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Nikki has been invited to discuss her research and policy workÂ at multiple national conferences and symposia. With additional legislative experience in the Congressional Science Committee on Capitol Hill, Nikki understands the intricate relationships among science, lawÂ and policy. Her strong communication skills and ability to convey scientific concepts to a variety of audiences make her a competent and effective advocate for clients.Â
\n<button>Expand All</button>

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Experience
</button>
<button>
Recognitions and Memberships
</button>
<button>
Insights and News
</button>
<button>
Prior Positions
</button>
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Credentials
</button>
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Community and Pro Bono
</button>

Areas of Focus

Industries
Life SciencesMedia and Telecommunications
Services
Intellectual PropertyIP TechnologyIP & Technology Transactions and OutsourcingGlobal Trademark and Brand ProtectionArtificial Intelligence (AI)Design Patent ProtectionPatent Prosecution

Featured Insights

News

Ronald Gaither Joins Panel at Georgia Bar, Media and Judiciary Conference, Provides Quote for Law360 Article on NCAA NIL Litigation

03/02/2026|1 minute read

IP Intelligence Report

The District of Delaware Proposes Revised Local Rules

03/02/2026|3 minute read

Speaking Engagement

Jennifer Mitchell, Marcus McCutcheon Present at ACC 2026 In-House Counsel Conference at Angel Stadium

03/02/2026|1 minute read

Ohio Clock

The Weekly Hill Update

03/02/2026|1 minute read
See All Insights
<next-route-announcer>

</next-route-announcer>\n","instructions":["'first_name' => 'Extract only the attorney\\'s first name.',\r\n'middle_name' => 'Extract only the attorney\\'s middle name or middle initial, as it is presented. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'surname' => 'Extract the attorney\u2019s last name or family name',\r\n'email' => 'Extract a valid email address for the profiled attorney. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'title' => 'Extract the profiled attorney\\'s job title. Ensure it is properly capitalized.The attorney can have multiple titles, in which case list them all as an array. If no title is found, return an empty array.',\r\n'location' => 'Extract the office name or city name in which this attorney works, as it is listed. The attorney may work out of two offices, in which case both should be listed. List them as an array.',\r\n'direct_phone_no_1' => 'Extract the direct office phone number listed for this attorney. If multiple phone numbers are listed, select the one that is their direct line, not the main or central office number, nor a fax number. If the attorney works out of two offices and has a direct line for each office, list the first here. If a direct line is unavailable, but a main or central office number is listed with an extension, list that number followed by EXT and the extension number',\r\n'direct_phone_no_2' => 'Extract the second direct office phone number listed for this attorney, if it exists. If multiple direct phone numbers are listed because the attorney works out of two office, select the second number \u2013 not the one listed in the prior item. Select only a number that is the attorney\u2019s direct line, not the main or central office number, nor a fax number.',\r\n'image_url' => 'Extract the URL for the attorney\u2019s image file',\r\n'linkedIn' => 'Extract the URL for the attorney\u2019s LinkedIn profile, if it is listed. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'narrative_description' => 'Extract and combine all sections that provide a narrative overview of the attorney\u2019s biography and general work experience. Do not paraphrase, summarize, or omit information. Include the Biography/Bio section(s) and also include any Experience section that contains narrative descriptions of work (including sections structured as practice-area headings followed by descriptive paragraphs, e.g., \"Aging Services\" + paragraph text, \"Dental\" + paragraph text, etc.). Preserve headings and the order of content as it appears; you may convert embedded highlights into bullet points only if it helps preserve (not reduce) the information. EXCLUDE: any section (or subsection) that exclusively lists specific representative matters / representative experience items (typically a list of discrete matters, case captions like \"X v. Y\", deal/transaction bullet points, dated entries, courts/dockets, or similar itemized matter lists). If an Experience (or other) section contains BOTH narrative description AND a separate list of specific matters, include the narrative paragraphs/headings but omit the itemized matter list. Return the combined narrative text only. If no narrative bio or general-experience narrative exists, return an empty string.',\r\n'representative_matters' => 'Extract ALL representative matters (such as litigation cases, verdicts, transactions, or deals) that are listed as well any available descriptions of them, in both specified lists of representative matters, experience, and work highlights, as well as in the biographical text and list of news articles. If news articles for this attorney identify cases or transactions that can be inferred to be the work product of this attorney, include those matters as well. List the representative matters and their available descriptions as an array. Only pull from the text and do not paraphrase or make anything up. If no representative matters are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'news' => 'Extract news items ABOUT this attorney (not authored by them): e.g., firm/industry press releases, announcements, awards, rankings, deal/case results naming them, media coverage quoting or profiling them. List each item as \"Title (URL)\". If a \u201cNews\u201d section mixes authored content, include ONLY items that are clearly about the attorney or the firm, not implied to be authored by the attorney. Add base domain to relative links. Return an empty array [] if none.',\r\n'practice_areas' => 'Extract all the practice areas (aka departments, specialties, capabilities, services areas, areas of focus, etc.), if any, that are listed as ones that this attorney specializes in. Return them as an array. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'law_school' => 'Extract the law school attorney attended. This is for their primary law degree, usually a JD, LLB, or, in the absence of those, the earliest LLM listed or the institution where they received an undergraduate law degree. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'law_school_graduation_year' => 'Extract the year in which the attorney received their degree from the law school above (what year did they graduate?) If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'law_school_honors' => 'Extract all honors this attorney received in or during law school. You must review all education and credentials sections that list their law degree AND ALSO the narrative bio, as well as all other sectiosn. These honors include: latin honors (cum laude, summa cum laude, magna cum laude); school specific honors (e.g. James Kent Scholars at Columbia Law); regular honors designations (e.g. Dean\u2019s List, High Honors, etc.); Order of the Coif; course prizes (such as book awards, CALI Awards, American Jurisprudence Awards, or course awards); membership in phi kappa phi; scholarships and fellowships; moot court awards; trial advocacy awards; best oralis; brief-writing honors or other writing honors; pro bono or service distinctions; commencement prizes and medals; or other types of academic law school honors (but list them specifically - do not list them as \"other honors\". Return this entire extracted list of specific honors as an array. If no honors are found, return an empty array.',   \r\n'law_journals' =>' Extract any law reviews or law journals listed for the attorney's time in law school. Also list if the attorney had any titles in such law reviews or journals, like Articles Editor for example. Return this entire extracted list of law reviews and journals, and associated titles, as an array. If no law reviews or journals are found, return an empty array.'\r\n'undergraduate_school' => 'Extract the attorney\\'s undergraduate degree-granting school, college, university, or institution. This is probably the institution from where they received a bachelors degree. If their undergraduate degree was an LLB listed for their law school above, return an empty string. If no undergraduate schools are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'undergraduate_school_graduation_year' => 'Extract the year in which attorney received their undergraduate degree from the undergraduate school above. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'undergraduate_specialty' => 'Extract the specialties or majors that are listed for the undergraduate degree (e.g. economics, computer science, etc.) This does not include degree type, like B.S., Bachelor of Arts or Science degree, etc. List the specialties or majors as an array. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'PhD_school' => 'If this attorney has a PhD, Extract the educational institution from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'PhD_subject' => 'If this attorney has a PhD, list the educational institution from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Masters_degree_school' => 'If this attorney has a masters degree, extract the educational institution from which they received it. But do not list schools from which the attorney received an LL.M. degree or a masters in law. If no masters degree schools are found, return an empty string. ',\r\n'Masters_degree_subject' => 'If the attorney has a masters degree, extract the subject or area of study of the masters. The subject area may be in the degree itself, such as an M.Div, which is a masters in Divinity. But do not include subjects for LL.M. degrees or masters in law degrees. DO NOT include honors or latin honors (e.g. cum laude, summa cum laude) in your answer. List subjects as array. If no masters degree subjects are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'MBA_School' => 'If the attorney has a Masters in Business Administration, extract the name of the business school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'MD_school' => 'If the attorney has an MD (Doctor of Medicine) or DO (Doctor of Osteopathy) degree, extract the name of the medical school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'llm_in_tax_law_school' =>  'If the attorney has an masters in laws (LLM) degree, specializing in tax, extract the name of the law school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Other_LLM_school' => 'If the attorney has an masters in laws (LLM) degree, but not one that specializes in tax, extract the name of the law school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'bar_and_court_admissions' => 'Extract EVERY explicit admission to practice (bar + court/agency) anywhere in the page. Include bar jurisdictions (states/provinces/territories/countries) and court/agency admissions (e.g., U.S. Supreme Court, Courts of Appeals with circuit, District/Bankruptcy/Tax/Federal Claims courts with district, USPTO, tribal/military/foreign courts). For UK attorneys, specify whether they are a solicitor, barrister, advocate, or any combination if available; for Canada, specify the province or territory; for Australia, specify the state or territory and whether they are admitted as a solicitor or barrister. Pull items under headings like \u201cAdmissions,\u201d \u201cBar Admissions,\u201d \u201cCourt Admissions,\u201d or similar, and treat each
 or clearly separated entry as one item. Do not infer from memberships/education. Exclude governments as parties, and strip years and dates. Output a deduplicated array of exact admission strings; if none, return []. ',\r\n'Clerkships' => 'Extract every judicial or court clerkship held by this attorney, regardless of where it appears in the biography (including in lists of prior employment or mixed professional experience). Treat any role containing the word \u201cclerk,\u201d \u201cclerkship,\u201d \u201cjudicial law clerk,\u201d \u201claw clerk,\u201d or similar as a clerkship. For each clerkship, return the name of the court as an array item; if the biography provides the judge\u2019s name, DO NOT include it in your answer. Include clerkships in federal courts (including bankruptcy courts), state courts, appellate courts, supreme courts, magistrate judges, and any foreign courts. Do not skip clerkships that appear in long court titles. If no clerkships are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Clerkships_with_judge' => 'Extract every judicial or court clerkship held by this attorney, regardless of where it appears in the biography (including in lists of prior employment or mixed professional experience). Treat any role containing the word \u201cclerk,\u201d \u201cclerkship,\u201d \u201cjudicial law clerk,\u201d \u201claw clerk,\u201d or similar as a clerkship. For each clerkship, return the name of the court as an array item; if the biography provides the judge\u2019s name, include it in parentheses after the court name, and if no judge is named, return only the court. Include clerkships in federal courts (including bankruptcy courts), state courts, appellate courts, supreme courts, magistrate judges, and any foreign courts. Do not skip clerkships that lack judge names or that appear in long court titles. If no clerkships are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Memberships' => 'Extract any organizations the attorney a member of. List them as an array, with the attorney's role if available. If no memberships or organizations are listed, return an empty string.',\r\n'clients' => 'Extract the attorney's clients that are explicitly NAMED in the source code. You MUST review EVERY section (including explicit client lists, narrative biography, representative matters, experience, and news articles/titles) and then MERGE the results; do not stop after finding clients in any one section. If a list of representative matters or experience is present, extract NAMED clients from this list, and ignore any clients who are described in the list but who are not explicitly named in the list. Only include a client from the list of representative matters/experience or any other section if its name appears verbatim in the list and if the list clearly identifies the client as a real person, business, company, organization, or government entity. Do NOT include general descriptions, categories, roles, or descriptors that are not proper names (for example: \"Fortune 50 company\", \"medical billing company\", \"global bank\", \"mayoral candidate\", \"pharmacy\", \"trade association\", \"energy company\", or similar phrases). As an overarching rule, if the client is not identified by a proper name, do not include it. When pulling clients from lists of representative matters/experience and news articles, include clients which are named and which are implied to be represented by this attorney, their team or firm, and exclude parties adverse to such clients, opposing such clients, or on the other side of a case, deal or transaction from such clients. For example, if the representative matter/experience or news article's title mentions a lending transaction with both the lender and borrower, and the attorney or their team or firm represented the lender, do not list the borrower. If a litigation case is listed, do not assume that the lawyer represented the plaintiff. Use context or other language in the text to determine which party was represented by the attorney. If a matter lists the government as one party, assume the attorney represented the other named party and include that party if it is specifically named and not anonymous. As another example, if the representative matter/experience is a litigation case, and it is written that the attorney represented the defense (or \"defended\" his client), extract the defendant named in the case title. List all named clients as a deduplicated array of NAMES copied directly from the source text. Omit unnamed parties and anonymous parties and never guess identities. If no named clients are explicitly named anywhere in the source code, return an empty string.',\r\n'industries' => 'Extract ONLY industries/industry sectors or client-type categories explicitly named in the source code (especially, but not exclusively, under headings like \u201cIndustries,\u201d \u201cPractices & Industries,\u201d or in /industries/ links). Include items like \u201cSports,\u201d \u201cHealthcare & Life Sciences,\u201d \u201cTechnology,\u201d \u201cInfrastructure,\u201d \u201cPrivate Equity,\u201d etc. EXCLUDE practice areas, services, or deal/matter types (e.g., \u201cMergers & Acquisitions,\u201d \u201cPrivate Equity M&A,\u201d \u201cacquisitions,\u201d \u201cinvestments,\u201d \u201cdivestitures,\u201d \u201cjoint ventures,\u201d \u201cfinancing,\u201d \u201crestructurings\u201d). Return a deduplicated array of industry/client-type names as written. If none are explicitly named, return empty array.',\r\n'languages' => 'Extract the languages in which the attorney is fluent. List them as an array.',\r\n'Accolades' => 'Extract any accolades, awards, or other special recognitions this attorney has received, such as rankings in Chambers guides (like Chambers & Partners, Chambers Gobal, or Chambers Asia-Pacific), the Legal500 list, and SuperLawyers, among others. The accolades should be specific to this attorney or their work, not generalized to their practice or their firm. List these accolades as an array. If no accolades are listed, return an empty string.',\r\n'pro_bono_activities' => 'Extract the attorney's pro bono, community service, and volunteer activities, as well as any non-profit, ngo, community service organizations the attorney may be involved with. If a description of the work is provided, include that. List them as an array',\r\n'thought_leadership' => 'Extract ALL professional thought leadership attributed to this attorney in their narrative bio and in all \"Insights,\" \"Publications,\" \"Events,\" and similar sections. This includes all items with their authorship/co-authorship/speaking/hosting credit/(byline \u201cauthor,\u201d \"co-author,\" \u201cpresenter,\u201d \u201cspeaker,\u201d \u201cpanelist,\u201d \u201cwebinar,\u201d \u201cpodcast,\u201d \u201cblog,\u201d \u201carticle,\u201d \u201cpublication,\u201d \u201cchapter,\u201d \u201cCLE,\u201d etc.). This also includes any items that do not include their byline or credit, but which are implied to involve the attorney (for example, by being listed in a section on their profile for \"Insights,\" \"Podcasts,\" \"Events,\" \"Media,\" \"Thought Leadership,\" \"Webinars, etc.). If a \u201cNews\u201d or \u201cInsights\u201d section mixes third party news ABOUT this attorney, include only items implied to the attorney as creator/presenter. List each as \"Title (URL)\" when a link is present, otherwise just the title. Add base domain to relative links. Also include the publication, event/program, and date after the title if these are available. Return [] if none.'\r\n'adverse_parties' => 'Review all the source code, including the narrative bio and list of representative matters, and list EVERY identifiable and NAMED party that is adverse to this attorney\u2019s clients: litigation opponents and transaction counterparties (buyer vs seller, lender vs borrower, landlord vs tenant, licensor vs licensee, insurer vs insured, issuer vs underwriter/investor, etc.). You MUST pull from all sections in the source code - explicit lists of clients, the narrative biography, listed representative matters, or in news articles listed for this attorney, or the titles thereof. In M&A, if the attorney represented the buyer/acquirer, DO NOT list the acquired target as adverse (since it becomes the client); instead list only the selling side (seller, stockholders, founders, or divesting company). If the attorney represented the seller/target, list the buyer/acquirer. Use cues like \u201cto/with/from/against,\u201d \u201csale to/by,\u201d \u201cacquisition from/by,\u201d \u201cmerger with,\u201d \u201cfinanced by/loan to/from/credit facility with.\u201d In the attorney represented the owner or owning entity of a subsidiary/portfolio company (for example in the case of a restructuring or lending transaction), DO NOT list the subsidiary/portfolio company as adverse; Do not list governments/agencies/courts. Only include an adverse party if its name appears verbatim in the source code and clearly identifies a real person, business, company, organization, or government entity. Do NOT include general descriptions, categories, roles, or descriptors that are not proper names (for example: \"Fortune 50 company\", \"medical billing company\", \"global bank\", \"mayoral candidate\", \"pharmacy\", \"trade association\", \"energy company\", or similar phrases). If the text does not contain the adverse party's name, do not include it. Output a deduplicated array of exact names; omit unnamed parties and never guess.'\r\n 'affinity_groups' => 'Extract ALL affinity/identity-based organizations the attorney is affiliated with on the page, even if under generic headings like \u201cAssociations,\u201d \u201cMemberships,\u201d \u201cAffiliations,\u201d \u201cCommunities,\u201d or \u201cOrganizations.\u201d Check all sections of the source code. Include all bar or professional association whose name signals an identity/affinity or civil-rights focus (e.g., words like Black/African-American/AAPI/Asian/South Asian/Pacific Islander/Hispanic/Latino/Native/Indigenous/LGBT/LGBTQ/Queer/Women/Gender/Disability/Veteran/Jewish/Muslim/Christian/Hindu/Sikh/Interfaith/Civil Rights/Minority/Diversity/Inclusion). Exclude purely general trade/professional groups without such identity focus. Return a deduplicated array of exact organization names; if none, return empty array.'"]}


[System] Extract the following details from the provided HTML source code. Return only a valid JSON object. Do not include any other text.

[User]
{"html":"Skip to Main Content.\n
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Peter M. Cummins
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Partner
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\n                                            Louisville, KY\n
\n                                                                     Office Phone Number 502.779.8190\n                                                                                Email\n                        \t
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 Add Contact
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 Hi-Res Photo
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Industries
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Finance

Commercial Real Estate Finance (CREF)

Regional & Community Banks

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Practices
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Business & Commercial Litigation

Banking & Financial Disputes

Real Estate & Land Use Litigation

Antitrust & Trade Regulation

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Biography
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Peter is the practice group leader for Business & Commercial Litigation. He is a litigator, counseling and advocating on behalf of clients in three principal areas: (1) financial services litigation; (2) real estate litigation; and (3) general business litigation, with a focus on corporate disputes and health care litigation. Outside of these three areas of concentration, Peter also regularly represents clients in noncompete agreement, U.C.C.,Â  fraud, and other business tort litigation matters, as well as the defense of personal injury and insurance bad faith claims.
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The breadth ofÂ Peterâ€™s litigation practice is complemented by its depth in that he has tried cases to verdict,Â argued cases on appeal in a number of venues, handled arbitrations, and represented clients at hearings before various Kentucky administrative agencies, including the Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services Division of Administrative Hearings and the Kentucky Board of Tax Appeals.
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In addition to litigating on behalf of his clients, Peter helps them avoid litigation by identifying risks they face in their business, and then developing strategies for avoiding, minimizing and managing those risks.
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Peter's Relevant Experience
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Financial Services Litigation
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For more than 20 years, a significant portion of Peterâ€™s litigation practice has been devoted to the representation of financial institutions and other clients in the financial services industry. From handling 8-figure commercial foreclosures with lender liability counterclaims and receivership issues, to defending a consumer class action on behalf of an international financial institution, Peter is adept at helping financial services clients navigate all of the litigation matters they encounter. Peterâ€™s work in this area includes:
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Successful defense and favorable settlement in consumer class action filed in bankruptcy court alleging violations of the Chapter 7 bankruptcy stay.
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Won Rule 12 Motion to Dismiss inÂ putative nationwide class action alleging violations of the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act, 15 U.S.C. Â§ 1681c(g).
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Obtained directed verdict at trial for a federal credit union in case involving check forgery and allegations of unreasonableness on part of credit union.
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Representation of fiduciaries and beneficiaries in trust and estate litigation.
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Defense of financial institutions against FCRA, FDCPA, RESPA, TILA, and other federal statutory claims.
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Real Estate Litigation
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Peter has handled a wide array of real estate litigation matters for a diverse range of clients, including financial institutions, developers, owners, commercial landlords and tenants, and title insurance companies and their insureds. These matters regularly include zoning appeals, commercial foreclosures, lease disputes, restrictive covenant litigation, and title insurance claim and coverage matters. Representative matters include:
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Representation of owners and developers in zoning appeals, including coal mines, meat packing facilities, and recreational facilities.
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Representation of financial institutions in 8-figure commercial foreclosure actions, often involving lender liability counterclaims.
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Representation of title insurers in coverage and bad faith claims, as well as agent fraud and recoupment matters.
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Representation of title policy insureds in matters involving title defects such as lien priority contests, boundary disputes, and deficient legal descriptions.
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Representation of various parties in easement, commercial lease, and restrictive covenant litigation matters.
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Health Care Litigation
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The Health Care industry continues to undergo tremendous growth and change, and Peter has represented many industry participants as they navigate that ever-changing landscape. Peterâ€™s clients in the health care space include private payors, managed care organizations, and providers such as specialty pharmacies, medical practices, and hospital systems. In addition to trying cases to verdict in the health care space, Peter has handled a number of administrative hearings and appeals arising out of them. Representative matters include:
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Representation of health insurance plan in Medicare Secondary Payer Act litigation.
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Representation of managed care organization in state administrative hearings.
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Obtained defense verdict at trial of claims asserted by physician against hospital arising out of medical staff obligations.
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Representation of specialty pharmacy in noncompete litigation over departure of key employee.
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Representation of medical practices and their owners in various ownership and noncompete disputes.
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Corporate Disputes
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Peter regularly represents companies, as well as their officers and directors, in all manner of corporate disputes they encounter in the course of their business. On behalf of small, local start-ups, Fortune 50 companies, and everything in between, Peterâ€™s work in this arena includes:
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Successful defense of individuals and entities against federal securities fraud claims brought by investors.
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Arbitrations involving the alleged breach of post-closing obligations by a seller of a privately held company.
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Obtaining a temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction preventing corporate transaction (favorable settlement achieved following rulings).
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Negotiated nuisance value settlement during trial of multi-million dollar breach of contract and fraud claims brought by former vendor against publicly traded client.
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Enforcement ofÂ noncompete agreements against former employees, as well as counseling employers on drafting enforceable noncompete agreements.
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Other Info About Peter
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Education
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Law School
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University of Kentucky College of Law, J.D.,Â cum laude, 2000
\nOrder of the Coif
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Undergraduate School
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Centre College, B.S., Economics, 1997
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Bar Memberships
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Peter is licensed to practice in the following state(s):
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Kentucky, 2000
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Ohio, 2001 (inactive)
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Courts
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Peter is admitted to practice before the following court(s):
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Kentucky Supreme Court
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United States District Court Eastern District of Kentucky
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United States District Court Western District of Kentucky
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United States Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit
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United States Court of Appeals Sixth Circuit
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Supreme Court of Ohio
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United States District Court Southern District of Ohio
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United States Tax Court
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Recognition
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Local & National Recognition
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Award Selection Methodology
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The Best Lawyers in AmericaÂ®, Commercial Litigation, 2024-2026; Litigation â€“ Real Estate, 2024-2026
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Chambers USA, Litigation: General Commercial, 2023-2025
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Selected to Kentucky Super Lawyers, 2013-2026
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AVÂ® Preeminentâ„¢ Rated,Â Martindale-HubbellÂ®
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Frost Brown Todd Mentor of the Year, 2015
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Professional Affiliations
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Professional Affiliations & Memberships
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Louisville Bar Association
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Kentucky Bar Association
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American Bar Association, Litigation Section Member
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American Land Title Association
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Civic Activities
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Civic & Charitable Organizations
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Catholic Charities of Louisville, 2022-Present â€“ Board Chair; 2018-Present â€“ Board Member
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YMCA SafePlace of Louisville, Board Member, 2017 â€“ 2020
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Junior Achievement of Kentuckiana, Board Member, 2008 â€“ 2012
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Leadership Council on Legal Diversity (LCLD), Law Student Mentor
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Leadership Louisville Center â€“ Bingham Fellows (2012); Ignite Louisville (2010); Focus Louisville (2007)
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Firm Committees
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Peter serves or has served in the following leadership role(s) at FBT Gibbons:
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Business & Commercial Litigation Practice Group Leader
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Legal Personnel Committee, Member
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Recruiting Committee, former Chair
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Nominating Committee, Member
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Womenâ€™s Initiative Committee, former Member
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Related Insights
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\n\t\t\tJuly 24, 2025  | Experience\t\t\t\t\t
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Frost Brown Todd (FBT) has achieved a significant appellate victory in Manhattan, successfully overt...
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Frost Brown Todd (FBT) secured a significant legal victory on behalf of client Prysmian Cables &...
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t                    \t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t1L Summer Program Opportunities Lunch & Learn (University of Louisville Louis D Brandeis School of Law)\n\t\t\t\t\tFebruary 21, 2019\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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\n\n","instructions":["'first_name' => 'Extract only the attorney\\'s first name.',\r\n'middle_name' => 'Extract only the attorney\\'s middle name or middle initial, as it is presented. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'surname' => 'Extract the attorney\u2019s last name or family name',\r\n'email' => 'Extract a valid email address for the profiled attorney. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'title' => 'Extract the profiled attorney\\'s job title. Ensure it is properly capitalized.The attorney can have multiple titles, in which case list them all as an array. If no title is found, return an empty array.',\r\n'location' => 'Extract the office name or city name in which this attorney works, as it is listed. The attorney may work out of two offices, in which case both should be listed. List them as an array.',\r\n'direct_phone_no_1' => 'Extract the direct office phone number listed for this attorney. If multiple phone numbers are listed, select the one that is their direct line, not the main or central office number, nor a fax number. If the attorney works out of two offices and has a direct line for each office, list the first here. If a direct line is unavailable, but a main or central office number is listed with an extension, list that number followed by EXT and the extension number',\r\n'direct_phone_no_2' => 'Extract the second direct office phone number listed for this attorney, if it exists. If multiple direct phone numbers are listed because the attorney works out of two office, select the second number \u2013 not the one listed in the prior item. Select only a number that is the attorney\u2019s direct line, not the main or central office number, nor a fax number.',\r\n'image_url' => 'Extract the URL for the attorney\u2019s image file',\r\n'linkedIn' => 'Extract the URL for the attorney\u2019s LinkedIn profile, if it is listed. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'narrative_description' => 'Extract and combine all sections that provide a narrative overview of the attorney\u2019s biography and general work experience. Do not paraphrase, summarize, or omit information. Include the Biography/Bio section(s) and also include any Experience section that contains narrative descriptions of work (including sections structured as practice-area headings followed by descriptive paragraphs, e.g., \"Aging Services\" + paragraph text, \"Dental\" + paragraph text, etc.). Preserve headings and the order of content as it appears; you may convert embedded highlights into bullet points only if it helps preserve (not reduce) the information. EXCLUDE: any section (or subsection) that exclusively lists specific representative matters / representative experience items (typically a list of discrete matters, case captions like \"X v. Y\", deal/transaction bullet points, dated entries, courts/dockets, or similar itemized matter lists). If an Experience (or other) section contains BOTH narrative description AND a separate list of specific matters, include the narrative paragraphs/headings but omit the itemized matter list. Return the combined narrative text only. If no narrative bio or general-experience narrative exists, return an empty string.',\r\n'representative_matters' => 'Extract ALL representative matters (such as litigation cases, verdicts, transactions, or deals) that are listed as well any available descriptions of them, in both specified lists of representative matters, experience, and work highlights, as well as in the biographical text and list of news articles. If news articles for this attorney identify cases or transactions that can be inferred to be the work product of this attorney, include those matters as well. List the representative matters and their available descriptions as an array. Only pull from the text and do not paraphrase or make anything up. If no representative matters are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'news' => 'Extract news items ABOUT this attorney (not authored by them): e.g., firm/industry press releases, announcements, awards, rankings, deal/case results naming them, media coverage quoting or profiling them. List each item as \"Title (URL)\". If a \u201cNews\u201d section mixes authored content, include ONLY items that are clearly about the attorney or the firm, not implied to be authored by the attorney. Add base domain to relative links. Return an empty array [] if none.',\r\n'practice_areas' => 'Extract all the practice areas (aka departments, specialties, capabilities, services areas, areas of focus, etc.), if any, that are listed as ones that this attorney specializes in. Return them as an array. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'law_school' => 'Extract the law school attorney attended. This is for their primary law degree, usually a JD, LLB, or, in the absence of those, the earliest LLM listed or the institution where they received an undergraduate law degree. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'law_school_graduation_year' => 'Extract the year in which the attorney received their degree from the law school above (what year did they graduate?) If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'law_school_honors' => 'Extract all honors this attorney received in or during law school. You must review all education and credentials sections that list their law degree AND ALSO the narrative bio, as well as all other sectiosn. These honors include: latin honors (cum laude, summa cum laude, magna cum laude); school specific honors (e.g. James Kent Scholars at Columbia Law); regular honors designations (e.g. Dean\u2019s List, High Honors, etc.); Order of the Coif; course prizes (such as book awards, CALI Awards, American Jurisprudence Awards, or course awards); membership in phi kappa phi; scholarships and fellowships; moot court awards; trial advocacy awards; best oralis; brief-writing honors or other writing honors; pro bono or service distinctions; commencement prizes and medals; or other types of academic law school honors (but list them specifically - do not list them as \"other honors\". Return this entire extracted list of specific honors as an array. If no honors are found, return an empty array.',   \r\n'law_journals' =>' Extract any law reviews or law journals listed for the attorney's time in law school. Also list if the attorney had any titles in such law reviews or journals, like Articles Editor for example. Return this entire extracted list of law reviews and journals, and associated titles, as an array. If no law reviews or journals are found, return an empty array.'\r\n'undergraduate_school' => 'Extract the attorney\\'s undergraduate degree-granting school, college, university, or institution. This is probably the institution from where they received a bachelors degree. If their undergraduate degree was an LLB listed for their law school above, return an empty string. If no undergraduate schools are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'undergraduate_school_graduation_year' => 'Extract the year in which attorney received their undergraduate degree from the undergraduate school above. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'undergraduate_specialty' => 'Extract the specialties or majors that are listed for the undergraduate degree (e.g. economics, computer science, etc.) This does not include degree type, like B.S., Bachelor of Arts or Science degree, etc. List the specialties or majors as an array. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'PhD_school' => 'If this attorney has a PhD, Extract the educational institution from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'PhD_subject' => 'If this attorney has a PhD, list the educational institution from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Masters_degree_school' => 'If this attorney has a masters degree, extract the educational institution from which they received it. But do not list schools from which the attorney received an LL.M. degree or a masters in law. If no masters degree schools are found, return an empty string. ',\r\n'Masters_degree_subject' => 'If the attorney has a masters degree, extract the subject or area of study of the masters. The subject area may be in the degree itself, such as an M.Div, which is a masters in Divinity. But do not include subjects for LL.M. degrees or masters in law degrees. DO NOT include honors or latin honors (e.g. cum laude, summa cum laude) in your answer. List subjects as array. If no masters degree subjects are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'MBA_School' => 'If the attorney has a Masters in Business Administration, extract the name of the business school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'MD_school' => 'If the attorney has an MD (Doctor of Medicine) or DO (Doctor of Osteopathy) degree, extract the name of the medical school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'llm_in_tax_law_school' =>  'If the attorney has an masters in laws (LLM) degree, specializing in tax, extract the name of the law school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Other_LLM_school' => 'If the attorney has an masters in laws (LLM) degree, but not one that specializes in tax, extract the name of the law school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'bar_and_court_admissions' => 'Extract EVERY explicit admission to practice (bar + court/agency) anywhere in the page. Include bar jurisdictions (states/provinces/territories/countries) and court/agency admissions (e.g., U.S. Supreme Court, Courts of Appeals with circuit, District/Bankruptcy/Tax/Federal Claims courts with district, USPTO, tribal/military/foreign courts). For UK attorneys, specify whether they are a solicitor, barrister, advocate, or any combination if available; for Canada, specify the province or territory; for Australia, specify the state or territory and whether they are admitted as a solicitor or barrister. Pull items under headings like \u201cAdmissions,\u201d \u201cBar Admissions,\u201d \u201cCourt Admissions,\u201d or similar, and treat each
 or clearly separated entry as one item. Do not infer from memberships/education. Exclude governments as parties, and strip years and dates. Output a deduplicated array of exact admission strings; if none, return []. ',\r\n'Clerkships' => 'Extract every judicial or court clerkship held by this attorney, regardless of where it appears in the biography (including in lists of prior employment or mixed professional experience). Treat any role containing the word \u201cclerk,\u201d \u201cclerkship,\u201d \u201cjudicial law clerk,\u201d \u201claw clerk,\u201d or similar as a clerkship. For each clerkship, return the name of the court as an array item; if the biography provides the judge\u2019s name, DO NOT include it in your answer. Include clerkships in federal courts (including bankruptcy courts), state courts, appellate courts, supreme courts, magistrate judges, and any foreign courts. Do not skip clerkships that appear in long court titles. If no clerkships are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Clerkships_with_judge' => 'Extract every judicial or court clerkship held by this attorney, regardless of where it appears in the biography (including in lists of prior employment or mixed professional experience). Treat any role containing the word \u201cclerk,\u201d \u201cclerkship,\u201d \u201cjudicial law clerk,\u201d \u201claw clerk,\u201d or similar as a clerkship. For each clerkship, return the name of the court as an array item; if the biography provides the judge\u2019s name, include it in parentheses after the court name, and if no judge is named, return only the court. Include clerkships in federal courts (including bankruptcy courts), state courts, appellate courts, supreme courts, magistrate judges, and any foreign courts. Do not skip clerkships that lack judge names or that appear in long court titles. If no clerkships are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Memberships' => 'Extract any organizations the attorney a member of. List them as an array, with the attorney's role if available. If no memberships or organizations are listed, return an empty string.',\r\n'clients' => 'Extract the attorney's clients that are explicitly NAMED in the source code. You MUST review EVERY section (including explicit client lists, narrative biography, representative matters, experience, and news articles/titles) and then MERGE the results; do not stop after finding clients in any one section. If a list of representative matters or experience is present, extract NAMED clients from this list, and ignore any clients who are described in the list but who are not explicitly named in the list. Only include a client from the list of representative matters/experience or any other section if its name appears verbatim in the list and if the list clearly identifies the client as a real person, business, company, organization, or government entity. Do NOT include general descriptions, categories, roles, or descriptors that are not proper names (for example: \"Fortune 50 company\", \"medical billing company\", \"global bank\", \"mayoral candidate\", \"pharmacy\", \"trade association\", \"energy company\", or similar phrases). As an overarching rule, if the client is not identified by a proper name, do not include it. When pulling clients from lists of representative matters/experience and news articles, include clients which are named and which are implied to be represented by this attorney, their team or firm, and exclude parties adverse to such clients, opposing such clients, or on the other side of a case, deal or transaction from such clients. For example, if the representative matter/experience or news article's title mentions a lending transaction with both the lender and borrower, and the attorney or their team or firm represented the lender, do not list the borrower. If a litigation case is listed, do not assume that the lawyer represented the plaintiff. Use context or other language in the text to determine which party was represented by the attorney. If a matter lists the government as one party, assume the attorney represented the other named party and include that party if it is specifically named and not anonymous. As another example, if the representative matter/experience is a litigation case, and it is written that the attorney represented the defense (or \"defended\" his client), extract the defendant named in the case title. List all named clients as a deduplicated array of NAMES copied directly from the source text. Omit unnamed parties and anonymous parties and never guess identities. If no named clients are explicitly named anywhere in the source code, return an empty string.',\r\n'industries' => 'Extract ONLY industries/industry sectors or client-type categories explicitly named in the source code (especially, but not exclusively, under headings like \u201cIndustries,\u201d \u201cPractices & Industries,\u201d or in /industries/ links). Include items like \u201cSports,\u201d \u201cHealthcare & Life Sciences,\u201d \u201cTechnology,\u201d \u201cInfrastructure,\u201d \u201cPrivate Equity,\u201d etc. EXCLUDE practice areas, services, or deal/matter types (e.g., \u201cMergers & Acquisitions,\u201d \u201cPrivate Equity M&A,\u201d \u201cacquisitions,\u201d \u201cinvestments,\u201d \u201cdivestitures,\u201d \u201cjoint ventures,\u201d \u201cfinancing,\u201d \u201crestructurings\u201d). Return a deduplicated array of industry/client-type names as written. If none are explicitly named, return empty array.',\r\n'languages' => 'Extract the languages in which the attorney is fluent. List them as an array.',\r\n'Accolades' => 'Extract any accolades, awards, or other special recognitions this attorney has received, such as rankings in Chambers guides (like Chambers & Partners, Chambers Gobal, or Chambers Asia-Pacific), the Legal500 list, and SuperLawyers, among others. The accolades should be specific to this attorney or their work, not generalized to their practice or their firm. List these accolades as an array. If no accolades are listed, return an empty string.',\r\n'pro_bono_activities' => 'Extract the attorney's pro bono, community service, and volunteer activities, as well as any non-profit, ngo, community service organizations the attorney may be involved with. If a description of the work is provided, include that. List them as an array',\r\n'thought_leadership' => 'Extract ALL professional thought leadership attributed to this attorney in their narrative bio and in all \"Insights,\" \"Publications,\" \"Events,\" and similar sections. This includes all items with their authorship/co-authorship/speaking/hosting credit/(byline \u201cauthor,\u201d \"co-author,\" \u201cpresenter,\u201d \u201cspeaker,\u201d \u201cpanelist,\u201d \u201cwebinar,\u201d \u201cpodcast,\u201d \u201cblog,\u201d \u201carticle,\u201d \u201cpublication,\u201d \u201cchapter,\u201d \u201cCLE,\u201d etc.). This also includes any items that do not include their byline or credit, but which are implied to involve the attorney (for example, by being listed in a section on their profile for \"Insights,\" \"Podcasts,\" \"Events,\" \"Media,\" \"Thought Leadership,\" \"Webinars, etc.). If a \u201cNews\u201d or \u201cInsights\u201d section mixes third party news ABOUT this attorney, include only items implied to the attorney as creator/presenter. List each as \"Title (URL)\" when a link is present, otherwise just the title. Add base domain to relative links. Also include the publication, event/program, and date after the title if these are available. Return [] if none.'\r\n'adverse_parties' => 'Review all the source code, including the narrative bio and list of representative matters, and list EVERY identifiable and NAMED party that is adverse to this attorney\u2019s clients: litigation opponents and transaction counterparties (buyer vs seller, lender vs borrower, landlord vs tenant, licensor vs licensee, insurer vs insured, issuer vs underwriter/investor, etc.). You MUST pull from all sections in the source code - explicit lists of clients, the narrative biography, listed representative matters, or in news articles listed for this attorney, or the titles thereof. In M&A, if the attorney represented the buyer/acquirer, DO NOT list the acquired target as adverse (since it becomes the client); instead list only the selling side (seller, stockholders, founders, or divesting company). If the attorney represented the seller/target, list the buyer/acquirer. Use cues like \u201cto/with/from/against,\u201d \u201csale to/by,\u201d \u201cacquisition from/by,\u201d \u201cmerger with,\u201d \u201cfinanced by/loan to/from/credit facility with.\u201d In the attorney represented the owner or owning entity of a subsidiary/portfolio company (for example in the case of a restructuring or lending transaction), DO NOT list the subsidiary/portfolio company as adverse; Do not list governments/agencies/courts. Only include an adverse party if its name appears verbatim in the source code and clearly identifies a real person, business, company, organization, or government entity. Do NOT include general descriptions, categories, roles, or descriptors that are not proper names (for example: \"Fortune 50 company\", \"medical billing company\", \"global bank\", \"mayoral candidate\", \"pharmacy\", \"trade association\", \"energy company\", or similar phrases). If the text does not contain the adverse party's name, do not include it. Output a deduplicated array of exact names; omit unnamed parties and never guess.'\r\n 'affinity_groups' => 'Extract ALL affinity/identity-based organizations the attorney is affiliated with on the page, even if under generic headings like \u201cAssociations,\u201d \u201cMemberships,\u201d \u201cAffiliations,\u201d \u201cCommunities,\u201d or \u201cOrganizations.\u201d Check all sections of the source code. Include all bar or professional association whose name signals an identity/affinity or civil-rights focus (e.g., words like Black/African-American/AAPI/Asian/South Asian/Pacific Islander/Hispanic/Latino/Native/Indigenous/LGBT/LGBTQ/Queer/Women/Gender/Disability/Veteran/Jewish/Muslim/Christian/Hindu/Sikh/Interfaith/Civil Rights/Minority/Diversity/Inclusion). Exclude purely general trade/professional groups without such identity focus. Return a deduplicated array of exact organization names; if none, return empty array.'"]}