[System] Extract the following details from the provided HTML source code. Return only a valid JSON object. Do not include any other text.

[User]
{"html":"

Jesse Saivar

Chair, Intellectual Property & Technology

JSaivar@ggfirm.com
Office  |  310.201.7549

Jesse Saivar, Chair of Greenberg Glusker's Intellectual Property, Digital Media & Content Publishing, and Technology Groups, is a tech transactional attorney with deep experience in entertainment and intellectual property law.

While his clients operate within a wide range of fields, including e-commerce, SaaS and development/design, he has particular expertise in guiding tech companies whose products are built to entertain, with a stable of digital media clients offering products focused on mobile-based content (including blogs, podcasts and short form series), AR/VR, NFTs, gaming, and the metaverse.

Jesse frequently plays the role of outside general counsel to his technology and digital media clients and assists with their day-to-day operational needs, such as drafting and negotiating software licenses (including MSAs, EULAs, and SOWs) for both inbound and outbound technology, crafting his clientâ€™s deals involving talent and creators as well as content and merchandise license agreements, assisting with the creation of terms of use and privacy policies, negotiating advertising and sponsorship deals, and providing strategy with respect to intellectual property disputes.Â

In addition to providing tech transactional strategy and support, Jesse frequently uses his traditional intellectual property background to assist his clients across a variety of industries with their general IP needs, such as overseeing their trademark portfolios, assisting with complex trademark and IP licensing, and providing strategic input on their IP enforcement efforts.

As a trusted advisor on the latest developments in intellectual property and digital media, Jesse has been quoted in The Hollywood Reporter, Forbes, Los Angeles Times, Los Angeles Business Journal, Bloomberg BNA and Law.com. He was recently recognized in National Law Journalâ€™s Intellectual Property Trailblazers list.
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Awards
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Listed inÂ Legal 500, US Elite Los Angeles - Intellectual Property; Media and Entertainment , 2026

Recognized in L.A. Times Studios' \"Entertainment Business Visionaries,\" 2025

Recognized in L.A. Times Studios' \"Legal Visionaries,\" 2025

Recognized inÂ Daily Journalâ€™s \"Top Intellectual Property Lawyers,\"Â 2025

Recognized inÂ The National Law Journal'sÂ \"Intellectual Property Trailblazers,\" 2020

Recognized inÂ The Recorder'sÂ \"California Trailblazers,\" 2020

Recognized in Los Angeles Business Journal's, \" Most Influential Lawyers: Digital Media and E-Commerce Law\"

Recognized inÂ The Recorder'sÂ \"Lawyers on the Fast Track,\" 2013

Recognized inÂ Southern CaliforniaÂ Super Lawyers,Â 2021â€“2026

Recognized inÂ Southern California Super Lawyers Rising Stars, 2009â€“2011, 2013â€“2017

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Bar Admissions
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California

Tennessee

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Education
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University of California, Los Angeles (J.D., Order of the Coif, 2005)

Vanderbilt University (B.A., magna cum laude, 1999)

Public Policy Major

Japanese Minor

Publications
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Client Alert

Your Online Business Could Be the Next Target for Costly Data Privacy Lawsuits

October 28, 2024

If your business operates online and uses common marketing tools, your business is at risk of being targeted for lawsuits under pre-internet wiretapping and video rental privacy laws. It is critical to address and mitigate risk before these claims are filed.Â \nWith few exceptions, modern data privacy laws such as California's CCPA do not give consumers the right to sue businesses directly for privacy violations. Instead, the plaintiffsâ€™ bar has turned to pre-internet laws to assert privacy claims against websites.\nThe result? A huge upswing in lawsuits and demands against websites based on alleged violations of anti-wiretapping provisions of the California Invasion of Privacy Act (â€œCIPAâ€�) and the Video Privacy Protection Act (â€œVPPAâ€�).\nKey Information on the Most Common Consumer Data Privacy Claims \nThe anti-wiretapping and two-party consent provisions of CIPA prohibit intentionally intercepting or accessing the content of a communication without the consent of all parties involved. The wiretapping provisions in CIPA were first passed in 1967 and are facially focused on the tapping of telephone lines. Recently, enterprising plaintiffsâ€™ attorneys have argued, with some success, that third parties that collect data or facilitate communications with customers can be construed as â€œwiretappersâ€� under the statute. Such internet CIPA claims typically target the use of â€œpixels,â€� like those provided by Meta or TikTok, chat services, and â€œsession replayâ€� technology, that provides information on customer behavior on a website. If your site uses common third-party tools to interact with consumers or collect consumer data, your business is at risk of a CIPA claim.\nThe VPPA was passed in 1988 after Supreme Court nominee Robert Borkâ€™s video rental history surfaced during his 1987 confirmation hearings. Under the VPPA, a â€œvideotape service providerâ€� cannot disclose information that identifies any of its purchasers, renters, or subscribers without receiving consent that is separate from any other contract between the business and the customer. While Blockbuster locationsÂ may have disappeared, VPPA claims have recently proliferated. Plaintiffsâ€™ attorneys are increasingly arguing that web sites and other technologies that transmit video to consumers are subject to the VPPA, and that the use of pixels, session replay, and other common marketing data tools constitute violations of the VPPA. If your site embeds video thatâ€™s served from a third-party host (like YouTube) or delivers video in a subscription form, including email newsletters, you are at risk of a VPPA claim.\nThe upsurge in data privacy litigation is exemplified in a recent decision in which a federal appellate court allowed a case under the VPPA to proceed against the NBA. The NBA case makes clear that courts are going to permit consumers to use the VPPA to assert data privacy claims, and that businesses need to proactively mitigate their risk and exposure under the VPPA.\nBest Practices for Avoiding These Claims\nFollowing these best practices should reduce the risk of increasingly common CIPA claims:\nFull Disclosure and Consent: For CIPA, a banner or click-through consent that links to your privacy notice and user agreement can provide the basis for a strong consent defense. For VPPA, the consent provisions are narrowly drawn, so a separate consent agreement is needed.\n\tContracts: Ensure agreements with providers prohibit using your usersâ€™ data for anything other than fulfilling their obligations to you. A solid Data Processor Agreement (â€œDPAâ€�) or CCPA-compliance clause will typically cover this.\n\tRoute Data Through You: Configure tools to collect data through your business. Routing data through your businessâ€™ servers first defeats the core interception element of a wiretap claim.\n\tReview Your Terms: Arbitration clauses are very common and can be helpful to businesses. However, when combined with a waiver of class actions, they could cause your business to fall into the â€œarbitration trapâ€� in which it is required to defend thousands of claims in a â€œmass arbitrationâ€� rather than consolidating them into a class action. This trap is costly because arbitration filing fees are typically charged on a per claimant basis, and in states where the business is required to pay all, or most, of the fees, a claim with thousands of claimants can yield millions of dollars just in arbitration filing fees. With a few tweaks to an arbitration provision, including providing for the batching of claims, an online business can obviate some of the risks posed by common arbitration clauses.\nHow Greenberg Glusker Can Help\n\tThe best solution is prevention. At Greenberg Glusker, we can help you diagnose risks, choose smart providers and make consents as frictionless as possible. We can also draft, overhaul, or refresh your user agreement and privacy notices.\nIf you receive a demand or claim, litigators within our Consumer Claim Defense Task Force can litigate the claim, whether your goal is to contest the claim to trial or settle it. Our litigators square off against many of the most prominent plaintiffsâ€™ firms in this area and have experience efficiently investigating, responding, and resolving the claim.\n\tIf you have any questions, please reach out to Jesse Saivar or Ira Steinberg. We are here to help you understand and comply with privacy obligations.\n

Article

From Soup to Nuts: A Round-Up of Legal Guidance for Food & Beverage Companies

July 19, 2021

The Los Angeles area is home to iconic food innovators, family-run restaurants of every ethnic stripe, and competition-winningÂ restaurateurs. A successful restaurant or food and beverage company is also a business enterprise associated with high risks, hard-earned rewards, and the need to comply with numerous federal and state regulations. Our Restaurant, Food & Beverage Law Group provides trends to assist you with your growing business.Â \nThis was originally published in the Los Angeles Business JournalÂ Food and Beverage Outlook - A Legal Perspective\nA SURGE IN TRADEMARK APPLICATIONS â€“ PLAN AHEAD\nThe USPTO recently announced thatThe USPTO recently announced that trademark applications have surged to unprecedented levels in recent months. As of June 2021, the increase is roughly 63% over last year. One of the consequences of this drastic increase is that, whereas historically, a newly filedÂ trademark application was examined by a PTO attorney 3-4 months after the application was Ã¿led, it is now taking about 6 months (or more!) for that initial examination to take place. This means that if you are planning to open a new restaurant or food business, and have filed a trademark application for the name and/or logo of your new venture, you will need to take into consideration that you may not know whether your trademark application will be approved or not by the time you are ready to launch.\n-Natasha Shabani, intellectual property attorney\nTHE PANDEMIC HAS CHANGED REAL ESTATE CONTRACTS\nAs a result of lessons learned from the stay-at-home orders, retail tenants have become emboldened in negotiations, requiring rental abatement in leases should governmental orders result in their inability to operate entirely or at full capacity. This trend started with large, multi-location restaurantsÂ and quick-service tenants, and is now a frequent ask even with smaller retail tenants. Going forward, tenant abatement rights that were written speciÃ¿cally with COVID-19 in mind may apply to use and occupancy limitations from any governmental order in order to hedge against future shutdowns.Â \n- Sarkis Haroutunian, real estate attorney\nACRYLAMIDE & PROP 65 WARNINGS\nIt has thus far been a noteworthy yearÂ for acrylamide, a Proposition 65-listed sub-stance that naturally forms in the cooking Â and heating of many plant-based foods.Â°Both the courts and the California OfÃ¿ce of Environmental Health Hazard AssessmentÂ \n\t(OEHHA) appear to be responding to a proliferation of Prop 65 acrylamide lawsuits. In the first quarter of 2021, there were 109 60-day notices issued to companies based on failure to warn for acrylamide. In March, a federal district court judge issued a preliminary injunction temporarily barring Prop 65 acrylamide lawsuits based on the failure to warn for cancer risk. However, the Ninth Circuit recently stayed the preliminary injunction pending an appeal of the injunction, meaning these suits can be filed again. In addition, OEHHA is in the process of a regulatory rulemaking potentially amending the Prop 65 regulations to specify new safe harbor levels for certain classes of heat-pro-cessed foods, which would potentially eliminate Prop 65 warning requirements for foods created by cooking or heat processing if the producer, manufacturers, distributor or holder of the food has utilized quality control measures that reduce the chemical to the lowest level currently feasible. The new regulation would also specify acrylamide safe harbor levels for a variety of food categories, such as almonds, bread, crackers, and potato products. While relief may be near, be aware ofÂ this rapidly evolving landscape.\n- Sherry Jackman & Sedina Banks, environmental attorneysÂ \nLABELING OF PLANT-BASEDÂ MEAT PRODUCTS\nOf the recent trends that have emerged in the false advertising space involves the labeling of plant-based meat products. Several states have passed laws dealing with these products, with proponents saying consumers may be misled into believing they contain actual meat. At least one federal court has held even where the term â€˜veganâ€™ appears on the label, a false advertising claim may still lie because hurried shoppers may not scrutinize the packaging before purchasing, especially whereÂ the label otherwise contains traditional meat terminology (e.g., â€œClassic Burger, â€œmeatballs,â€� and â€œchorizoâ€�). Companies offering products in this space should therefore avoid relying on fine-print disclaimers and ensure that the plant-based nature of their products is conspicuously disclosed. In addition, traditional meat terminology should be avoided in favor of more transparent choices, such as â€œchikâ€™n,â€� â€œveggie bacon stripsâ€� or â€œbeeflessÂ crumbles.â€�\n- James Molen, business litigation attorney\nCONDUCT PERIODIC EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES AUDITS\nThe health of a companyâ€™s personnel practices and policies is often an unsung anchor to an M&A deal. Conducting due diligence on employment practices and documentation before a potential sale, especially with the benefit of confidential legal review, is important in aiding the founders to get the most value from their lifeâ€™s work and increase attractiveness to a buyer. It is strongly recommended to conduct a periodic employment practices audit to assess legal liability exposure, especially once the company is established enough to considerÂ investment or sale. This audit includes, but is not limited to: ensuring all of your employment relationships are properly classified; confirming whether all employees have current written terms of employment; identifying any key employees who were part of the founding or major growth; determining if arbitration agreements exist for all employees, and checking for a compliant employee handbook. In todayâ€™s market, where competition is swift and deals move quickly, it is essential to audit and update your employment practices to facilitate a smooth and profitable sale.\n-Â Karina Sterman, employment attorney\nVIRTUAL DINING EXPERIENCES\nWith the struggles endured by restaurants during the pandemic corresponding with the proliferation of food delivery services, we saw the birth of the â€œvirtual diningâ€� experience. Celebrities and well-known brands license their IP to create a branded, online-only restaurant that delivers through food delivery apps. The food is prepared by a variety of local restaurants, sourced by the â€œvirtual diningâ€� provider, that are supplied with the recipes, ingredients, and branded packaging. Users can buy a hamburger from their favorite celebrity without realizing that it was actually cooked by the Indian restaurant down the street. Brands have gotten involved not only to expand their reach but also to help support local restaurants by providing them with an additional income stream. However, celebrities and brands need to ensure they have sufficient approvals/controls so that if any of the local restaurants arenâ€™t meeting quality control standards, they have the ability to remove them from the pool of participating restaurants. In addition, assuming all goes well,Â they need to reserve rights that would allow for the launch of a branded brick-and-mortar restaurant.\n- Jesse Saivar, intellectual property attorney\n

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Media Mention

Social Media Verdicts Spur Online Product Safety Reassessments

March 27, 2026

Press Release

26 Greenberg Glusker Partners Named to Legal 500 US Elite Los Angeles List

January 21, 2026 â€“ Legal 500

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Industry Conference

Tuned In | Front Office Sports

September 16, 20258:00 AM â€“ 5:00 PM ET

The Times Center, New York, NY

Jesse Saivar and Matthew Dysart

Industry Conference

Law & Policy: Licensing For Games and Interactive Entertainment

April 28, 20252:00 PM â€“ 2:45 PM PT

University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)

Jesse Saivar

Services

Intellectual Property

IP Transactions: Licensing, Acquisitions & Dispositions

Digital Media & Content Publishing

Technology

Creator Economy

Branded Consumer Products

Contests & Sweepstakes

Copyright Protection & Enforcement

Clearance & Due Diligence

Website & Mobile Compliance

Trademark Protection, Enforcement & Drafting

Artificial Intelligence

Video Games, Streaming & Esports

Cybersecurity and Privacy

Crypto & NFTs

Sports

Consumer Claim Defense

Food & Beverage

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Make PaymentPay Retainer\n","instructions":["'first_name' => 'Extract only the attorney\\'s first name.',\r\n'middle_name' => 'Extract only the attorney\\'s middle name or middle initial, as it is presented. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'surname' => 'Extract the attorney\u2019s last name or family name',\r\n'email' => 'Extract a valid email address for the profiled attorney. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'title' => 'Extract the profiled attorney\\'s job title. Ensure it is properly capitalized.The attorney can have multiple titles, in which case list them all as an array. If no title is found, return an empty array.',\r\n'location' => 'Extract the office name or city name in which this attorney works, as it is listed. The attorney may work out of two offices, in which case both should be listed. List them as an array. Do not include prior locations that may be mentioned as where the attorney may have worked in the past.',\r\n'direct_phone_no_1' => 'Extract the direct office phone number listed for this attorney. If multiple phone numbers are listed, select the one that is their direct line, not the main or central office number, nor a fax number. If the attorney works out of two offices and has a direct line for each office, list the first here. If a direct line is unavailable, but a main or central office number is listed with an extension, list that number followed by EXT and the extension number',\r\n'direct_phone_no_2' => 'Extract the second direct office phone number listed for this attorney, if it exists. If multiple direct phone numbers are listed because the attorney works out of two office, select the second number \u2013 not the one listed in the prior item. Select only a number that is the attorney\u2019s direct line, not the main or central office number, nor a fax number.',\r\n'image_url' => 'Extract the URL for the attorney\u2019s image file',\r\n'linkedIn' => 'Extract the URL for the attorney\u2019s LinkedIn profile, if it is listed. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'narrative_description' => 'Extract and combine all sections that provide a narrative overview of the attorney\u2019s biography and general work experience. Do not paraphrase, summarize, or omit information. Include the Biography/Bio section(s) and also include any Experience section that contains narrative descriptions of work (including sections structured as practice-area headings followed by descriptive paragraphs, e.g., \"Aging Services\" + paragraph text, \"Dental\" + paragraph text, etc.). Preserve headings and the order of content as it appears; you may convert embedded highlights into bullet points only if it helps preserve (not reduce) the information. EXCLUDE: any section (or subsection) that exclusively lists specific representative matters / representative experience items (typically a list of discrete matters, case captions like \"X v. Y\", deal/transaction bullet points, dated entries, courts/dockets, or similar itemized matter lists). If an Experience (or other) section contains BOTH narrative description AND a separate list of specific matters, include the narrative paragraphs/headings but omit the itemized matter list. Return the combined narrative text only. If no narrative bio or general-experience narrative exists, return an empty string.',\r\n'representative_matters' => 'Extract ALL representative matters (such as litigation cases, verdicts, transactions, or deals) that are listed as well any available descriptions of them, in both specified lists of representative matters, experience, and work highlights, as well as in the biographical text and list of news articles. If news articles for this attorney identify cases or transactions that can be inferred to be the work product of this attorney, include those matters as well. List the representative matters and their available descriptions as an array. Only pull from the text and do not paraphrase or make anything up. If no representative matters are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'news' => 'Extract news items ABOUT this attorney (not authored by them): e.g., firm/industry press releases, announcements, awards, rankings, deal/case results naming them, media coverage quoting or profiling them. List each item as \"Title (URL)\". If a \u201cNews\u201d section mixes authored content, include ONLY items that are clearly about the attorney or the firm, not implied to be authored by the attorney. Add base domain to relative links. Return an empty array [] if none.',\r\n'practice_areas' => 'Extract all the practice areas (aka departments, specialties, capabilities, services areas, areas of focus, etc.), if any, that are listed as ones that this attorney specializes in. Return them as an array. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'law_school' => 'Extract the law school attorney attended. This is for their primary law degree, usually a JD, LLB, or, in the absence of those, the earliest LLM listed or the institution where they received an undergraduate law degree. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'law_school_graduation_year' => 'Extract the year in which the attorney received their degree from the law school above (what year did they graduate?) If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'law_school_honors' => 'Extract all honors this attorney received in or during law school. You must review all education and credentials sections that list their law degree AND ALSO the narrative bio, as well as all other sectiosn. These honors include: latin honors (cum laude, summa cum laude, magna cum laude); school specific honors (e.g. James Kent Scholars at Columbia Law); regular honors designations (e.g. Dean\u2019s List, High Honors, etc.); Order of the Coif; course prizes (such as book awards, CALI Awards, American Jurisprudence Awards, or course awards); membership in phi kappa phi; scholarships and fellowships; moot court awards; trial advocacy awards; best oralis; brief-writing honors or other writing honors; pro bono or service distinctions; commencement prizes and medals; or other types of academic law school honors (but list them specifically - do not list them as \"other honors\". Return this entire extracted list of specific honors as an array. If no honors are found, return an empty array.',   \r\n'law_journals' =>' Extract any law reviews or law journals listed for the attorney's time in law school. Also list if the attorney had any titles in such law reviews or journals, like Articles Editor for example. Return this entire extracted list of law reviews and journals, and associated titles, as an array. If no law reviews or journals are found, return an empty array.'\r\n'undergraduate_school' => 'Extract the attorney\\'s undergraduate degree-granting school, college, university, or institution. This is probably the institution from where they received a bachelors degree. If their undergraduate degree was an LLB listed for their law school above, return an empty string. If no undergraduate schools are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'undergraduate_school_graduation_year' => 'Extract the year in which attorney received their undergraduate degree from the undergraduate school above. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'undergraduate_specialty' => 'Extract the specialties or majors that are listed for the undergraduate degree (e.g. economics, computer science, etc.) This does not include degree type, like B.S., Bachelor of Arts or Science degree, etc. List the specialties or majors as an array. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'PhD_school' => 'If this attorney has a PhD, Extract the educational institution from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'PhD_subject' => 'If this attorney has a PhD, list the educational institution from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Masters_degree_school' => 'If this attorney has a masters degree, extract the educational institution from which they received it. But do not list schools from which the attorney received an LL.M. degree or a masters in law. If no masters degree schools are found, return an empty string. ',\r\n'Masters_degree_subject' => 'If the attorney has a masters degree, extract the subject or area of study of the masters. The subject area may be in the degree itself, such as an M.Div, which is a masters in Divinity. But do not include subjects for LL.M. degrees or masters in law degrees. DO NOT include honors or latin honors (e.g. cum laude, summa cum laude) in your answer. List subjects as array. If no masters degree subjects are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'MBA_School' => 'If the attorney has a Masters in Business Administration, extract the name of the business school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'MD_school' => 'If the attorney has an MD (Doctor of Medicine) or DO (Doctor of Osteopathy) degree, extract the name of the medical school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'llm_in_tax_law_school' =>  'If the attorney has an masters in laws (LLM) degree, specializing in tax, extract the name of the law school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Other_LLM_school' => 'If the attorney has an masters in laws (LLM) degree, but not one that specializes in tax, extract the name of the law school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'bar_and_court_admissions' => 'Extract EVERY explicit admission to practice (bar + court/agency) anywhere in the page. Include bar jurisdictions (states/provinces/territories/countries) and court/agency admissions (e.g., U.S. Supreme Court, Courts of Appeals with circuit, District/Bankruptcy/Tax/Federal Claims courts with district, USPTO, tribal/military/foreign courts). For UK attorneys, specify whether they are a solicitor, barrister, advocate, or any combination if available; for Canada, specify the province or territory; for Australia, specify the state or territory and whether they are admitted as a solicitor or barrister. Pull items under headings like \u201cAdmissions,\u201d \u201cBar Admissions,\u201d \u201cCourt Admissions,\u201d or similar, and treat each
 or clearly separated entry as one item. Do not infer from memberships/education. Exclude governments as parties, and strip years and dates. Output a deduplicated array of exact admission strings; if none, return []. ',\r\n'Clerkships' => 'Extract every judicial or court clerkship held by this attorney, regardless of where it appears in the biography (including in lists of prior employment or mixed professional experience). Treat any role containing the word \u201cclerk,\u201d \u201cclerkship,\u201d \u201cjudicial law clerk,\u201d \u201claw clerk,\u201d or similar as a clerkship. For each clerkship, return the name of the court as an array item; if the biography provides the judge\u2019s name, DO NOT include it in your answer. Include clerkships in federal courts (including bankruptcy courts), state courts, appellate courts, supreme courts, magistrate judges, and any foreign courts. Do not skip clerkships that appear in long court titles. If no clerkships are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Clerkships_with_judge' => 'Extract every judicial or court clerkship held by this attorney, regardless of where it appears in the biography (including in lists of prior employment or mixed professional experience). Treat any role containing the word \u201cclerk,\u201d \u201cclerkship,\u201d \u201cjudicial law clerk,\u201d \u201claw clerk,\u201d or similar as a clerkship. For each clerkship, return the name of the court as an array item; if the biography provides the judge\u2019s name, include it in parentheses after the court name, and if no judge is named, return only the court. Include clerkships in federal courts (including bankruptcy courts), state courts, appellate courts, supreme courts, magistrate judges, and any foreign courts. Do not skip clerkships that lack judge names or that appear in long court titles. If no clerkships are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Memberships' => 'Extract any organizations the attorney a member of. List them as an array, with the attorney's role if available. If no memberships or organizations are listed, return an empty string.',\r\n'clients' => 'Extract the attorney's clients that are explicitly NAMED in the source code. You MUST review EVERY section (including explicit client lists, narrative biography, representative matters, experience, and news articles/titles) and then MERGE the results; do not stop after finding clients in any one section. If a list of representative matters or experience is present, extract NAMED clients from this list, and ignore any clients who are described in the list but who are not explicitly named in the list. Only include a client from the list of representative matters/experience or any other section if its name appears verbatim in the list and if the list clearly identifies the client as a real person, business, company, organization, or government entity. Do NOT include general descriptions, categories, roles, or descriptors that are not proper names (for example: \"Fortune 50 company\", \"medical billing company\", \"global bank\", \"mayoral candidate\", \"pharmacy\", \"trade association\", \"energy company\", or similar phrases). As an overarching rule, if the client is not identified by a proper name, do not include it. When pulling clients from lists of representative matters/experience and news articles, include clients which are named and which are implied to be represented by this attorney, their team or firm, and exclude parties adverse to such clients, opposing such clients, or on the other side of a case, deal or transaction from such clients. For example, if the representative matter/experience or news article's title mentions a lending transaction with both the lender and borrower, and the attorney or their team or firm represented the lender, do not list the borrower. If a litigation case is listed, do not assume that the lawyer represented the plaintiff. Use context or other language in the text to determine which party was represented by the attorney. If a matter lists the government as one party, assume the attorney represented the other named party and include that party if it is specifically named and not anonymous. As another example, if the representative matter/experience is a litigation case, and it is written that the attorney represented the defense (or \"defended\" his client), extract the defendant named in the case title. List all named clients as a deduplicated array of NAMES copied directly from the source text. Omit unnamed parties and anonymous parties and never guess identities. If no named clients are explicitly named anywhere in the source code, return an empty string.',\r\n'industries' => 'Extract ONLY industries/industry sectors or client-type categories explicitly named in the source code (especially, but not exclusively, under headings like \u201cIndustries,\u201d \u201cPractices & Industries,\u201d or in /industries/ links). Include items like \u201cSports,\u201d \u201cHealthcare & Life Sciences,\u201d \u201cTechnology,\u201d \u201cInfrastructure,\u201d \u201cPrivate Equity,\u201d etc. EXCLUDE practice areas, services, or deal/matter types (e.g., \u201cMergers & Acquisitions,\u201d \u201cPrivate Equity M&A,\u201d \u201cacquisitions,\u201d \u201cinvestments,\u201d \u201cdivestitures,\u201d \u201cjoint ventures,\u201d \u201cfinancing,\u201d \u201crestructurings\u201d). Return a deduplicated array of industry/client-type names as written. If none are explicitly named, return empty array.',\r\n'languages' => 'Extract the languages in which the attorney is fluent. List them as an array.',\r\n'Accolades' => 'Extract any accolades, awards, or other special recognitions this attorney has received, such as rankings in Chambers guides (like Chambers & Partners, Chambers Gobal, or Chambers Asia-Pacific), the Legal500 list, and SuperLawyers, among others. The accolades should be specific to this attorney or their work, not generalized to their practice or their firm. List these accolades as an array. If no accolades are listed, return an empty string.',\r\n'pro_bono_activities' => 'Extract the attorney's pro bono, community service, and volunteer activities, as well as any non-profit, ngo, community service organizations the attorney may be involved with. If a description of the work is provided, include that. List them as an array',\r\n'thought_leadership' => 'Extract ALL professional thought leadership attributed to this attorney in their narrative bio and in all \"Insights,\" \"Publications,\" \"Events,\" and similar sections. This includes all items with their authorship/co-authorship/speaking/hosting credit/(byline \u201cauthor,\u201d \"co-author,\" \u201cpresenter,\u201d \u201cspeaker,\u201d \u201cpanelist,\u201d \u201cwebinar,\u201d \u201cpodcast,\u201d \u201cblog,\u201d \u201carticle,\u201d \u201cpublication,\u201d \u201cchapter,\u201d \u201cCLE,\u201d etc.). This also includes any items that do not include their byline or credit, but which are implied to involve the attorney (for example, by being listed in a section on their profile for \"Insights,\" \"Podcasts,\" \"Events,\" \"Media,\" \"Thought Leadership,\" \"Webinars, etc.). If a \u201cNews\u201d or \u201cInsights\u201d section mixes third party news ABOUT this attorney, include only items implied to the attorney as creator/presenter. List each as \"Title (URL)\" when a link is present, otherwise just the title. Add base domain to relative links. Also include the publication, event/program, and date after the title if these are available. Return [] if none.'\r\n'adverse_parties' => 'Review all the source code, including the narrative bio and list of representative matters, and list EVERY identifiable and NAMED party that is adverse to this attorney\u2019s clients: litigation opponents and transaction counterparties (buyer vs seller, lender vs borrower, landlord vs tenant, licensor vs licensee, insurer vs insured, issuer vs underwriter/investor, etc.). You MUST pull from all sections in the source code - explicit lists of clients, the narrative biography, listed representative matters, or in news articles listed for this attorney, or the titles thereof. In M&A, if the attorney represented the buyer/acquirer, DO NOT list the acquired target as adverse (since it becomes the client); instead list only the selling side (seller, stockholders, founders, or divesting company). If the attorney represented the seller/target, list the buyer/acquirer. Use cues like \u201cto/with/from/against,\u201d \u201csale to/by,\u201d \u201cacquisition from/by,\u201d \u201cmerger with,\u201d \u201cfinanced by/loan to/from/credit facility with.\u201d In the attorney represented the owner or owning entity of a subsidiary/portfolio company (for example in the case of a restructuring or lending transaction), DO NOT list the subsidiary/portfolio company as adverse; Do not list governments/agencies/courts. Only include an adverse party if its name appears verbatim in the source code and clearly identifies a real person, business, company, organization, or government entity. Do NOT include general descriptions, categories, roles, or descriptors that are not proper names (for example: \"Fortune 50 company\", \"medical billing company\", \"global bank\", \"mayoral candidate\", \"pharmacy\", \"trade association\", \"energy company\", or similar phrases). If the text does not contain the adverse party's name, do not include it. Output a deduplicated array of exact names; omit unnamed parties and never guess.'\r\n 'affinity_groups' => 'Extract ALL affinity/identity-based organizations the attorney is affiliated with on the page, even if under generic headings like \u201cAssociations,\u201d \u201cMemberships,\u201d \u201cAffiliations,\u201d \u201cCommunities,\u201d or \u201cOrganizations.\u201d Check all sections of the source code. Include all bar or professional association whose name signals an identity/affinity or civil-rights focus (e.g., words like Black/African-American/AAPI/Asian/South Asian/Pacific Islander/Hispanic/Latino/Native/Indigenous/LGBT/LGBTQ/Queer/Women/Gender/Disability/Veteran/Jewish/Muslim/Christian/Hindu/Sikh/Interfaith/Civil Rights/Minority/Diversity/Inclusion). Exclude purely general trade/professional groups without such identity focus. Return a deduplicated array of exact organization names; if none, return empty array.'"]}


[System] Extract the following details from the provided HTML source code. Return only a valid JSON object. Do not include any other text.

[User]
{"html":"\t\t\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tSarah\n\t\t\t\t\tJ.\n\t\t\t\t\tRing \n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tPartner\n\t\t\t\t
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Houston

sring@porterhedges.com

t 713.226.6654

f 713.226.6254
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Sarah represents clients in all aspects of commercial litigation specializing in intellectual property and business disputes. She handles complex cases involving technologies in a wide range of industries including oil and gas, wireless, automobile, medical devices and consumer products.
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Sarah represents clients in both federal and state trial courts across the country. She also handles appeals before the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. In addition to trial and appeal work, Sarah handles inter partes review proceedings before the Patent Trial and Appeal Board of the United States Patent Office. In addition to her trial and appeal-related work, Sarah regularly advises clients on intellectual property-related licensing and other strategic issues.
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Prior to law school, Sarah was an engineer in the natural gas industry.
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\n

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Practice Areas
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Commercial Litigation
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Intellectual Property
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Inter Partes Review
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Litigation
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Patent Litigation
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Trade Secret Litigation
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Trademark and Copyright Litigation
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\n\t\t\t\t\tCredentialsExperienceNewsroomAffiliations\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
Credentials
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Education

J.D., University of Houston Law Center, 2006
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Order of the Barristers
Mock Trial, Business and Tax Law Journal
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B.E. Chemical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, cum laude, 2001

Admissions

Texas
United States Patent and Trademark Office
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
United States District Court for the Southern, Eastern, and Western Districts of Texas
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Experience
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Regularly represents trademark owners in enforcement actions against accused infringers and represents accused infringers in trademark enforcement actions in both state and federal courts.
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Represented patent owner in enforcement of medical device patents in the E.D. Tex. and D. Mn.
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Represented patent owner in enforcement of security system patents in the E.D. Tex.
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Represented patent owner in enforcement of anti-theft patents in the E.D. Tex.
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Represented accused infringer of oil and gas drilling and production technology patents in the E.D. Tex.
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Represented patent owner in enforcement of an oil and gas drilling tool patent in the E.D. Tex.
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Represented accused infringer of oil and gas drilling tool patents in the S.D.Tex.
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Represented accused infringer of drilling fluids processing patents in the W.D. Tex.
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Represented defendant in trade secret dispute in Montgomery County, TX
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Represented third-party employee in trade secret dispute in Montgomery County, TX
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Represented trademark, trade dress, and copyright owner in enforcement of jewelry design in the W.D. Tex.
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Defense of medical device patents in Inter Partes Review proceedings before the Patent Trial and Appeal Board of the United States Patent and Trademark Office
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Defense of medical device patents in an appeal of Inter Partes Review proceedings in the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals
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Defense of data handling patents in an appeal of Inter Partes Review proceedings in the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals
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Representation of patent owner in evaluation of enforcement options for portfolio of offshore platform patents
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Newsroom
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News
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Porter Hedges Attorneys Selected as Texas Super Lawyers and Rising Stars for 2025Firm News, 09.18.2025
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Porter Hedges Avoids Shutdown of its Texas Client's Newest California LocationFirm News, 07.02.2025
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Sarah Ring Named President-Elect of the Atlas IP Inn of CourtFirm News, 06.26.2025
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Porter Hedges Successfully Represents Restaurant Group in Multi-Tribunal Trademark LitigationFirm News, 05.29.2024
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Porter Hedges and Sorey & Hoover Successfully Represent Fitness Equipment Providers BalanceFrom and Hulkfit in Trade Secret Theft and Trade Dress Infringement LitigationFirm News, 05.06.2024
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The Houston Business Journal Once Again Names Porter Hedges Among the Largest Intellectual Property Firms in HoustonRecognition, 06.02.2023
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Porter Hedges Wins Motion to Dismiss in Trademark Infringement Suit for Arrehman Arraheem Corp.Firm News, 08.09.2022
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Porter Hedges IP Team Secures Permanent Injunctions in Two Trademark CasesFirm News, 06.08.2022
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Porter Hedges Expands IP Litigation Practice with New Partner Sarah RingFirm News, 12.08.2021
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<button>View More â€ºâ€¹ View Less</button>\n\t\t\t
Media Mentions
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\"IP Litigation Strategy: The Art of Winning Before Trial,\" IP WatchdogMedia Mention, 03.30.2026
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\"Take Nothing: 2 Law Firms Trounce Multimillion-Dollar Trade Secrets Suit,\" Texas LawyerMedia Mention, 05.07.2024
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\"Why No 'WTF' Over IP Use? Phillips 66 Asks Oil Tech Inventor,\" Law360Media Mention, 06.27.2023
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\"Phillips 66 Bailed On Co. After Learning Patent Tech, Jury Told,\" Law360Media Mention, 06.26.2023
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\"Westport Fuel Systems Sues Mercedes-Benz for Alleged Patent Infringement,\" Law.comMedia Mention, 05.09.2023
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\"Judge Tosses Fitness Co.'s TM Suit Against Amazon Sellers,\" Law360Media Mention, 02.28.2023
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\"Houston Jeweler Says Chicago Bears Player Didn't Pay Tab,\" Law360Media Mention, 01.05.2023
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\"Porter Hedges adds IP litigation attorney in Houston,\" ReutersMedia Mention, 12.10.2021
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\"IP Hires: Copyright Office, Kilpatrick, Brown Rudnick,\" Law360Media Mention, 12.10.2021
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\"Porter Hedges Adds IP Litigator As Partner In Houston,\" Law360Media Mention, 12.09.2021
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<button>View More â€ºâ€¹ View Less</button>\n\t\t\t
Publications
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\"Blockchain, NFTs, And The Future Of The Perishables Supply Chain\" ForbesPublication, 03.13.2023
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â€œIP Rights and Extraterritoriality,â€� State Bar of Texas, Advanced Intellectual Property LawPublication, 02.23.2023
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\"NFTs: The Future of Managing Patent Assets?\" IP LitigatorPublication, May/June 2022
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Speaking Engagements
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\"IP Litigation Strategy: The Art of Winning Before Trial,\" IP Watchdog LIVE 2026Speaking Engagement, 03.24.2026
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â€œIP Rights and Extraterritoriality,â€� 36th Annual Advanced Intellectual Property Law Course, TexasBarCLESpeaking Engagement, 02.23.2023
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\"NFTs and the Metaverse: At the Intersection of Cryptocurrency, Blockchain and IP,\" IP WatchDog LiveSpeaking Engagement, 09.11.2022
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Blog Posts
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Clicks, Carts, and Courts: Personal Jurisdiction in IP Cases Arising from Online Marketplace SalesIntellectual Property Law BlogÂ , 01.12.2026
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Is More Big Change Afoot in the Western District of Texasâ€™ Patent Docket?Intellectual Property Law BlogÂ , 12.14.2022
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NFTs: The Future of Managing Patent Assets?Intellectual Property Law BlogÂ , 04.28.2022
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Affiliations
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Texas Bar Foundation, Fellow
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Nancy F. Atlas Inn of Court, President-Elect June 2025-2026
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Association of Women Attorneys
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Houston Intellectual Property Law Association
\n","instructions":["'first_name' => 'Extract only the attorney\\'s first name.',\r\n'middle_name' => 'Extract only the attorney\\'s middle name or middle initial, as it is presented. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'surname' => 'Extract the attorney\u2019s last name or family name',\r\n'email' => 'Extract a valid email address for the profiled attorney. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'title' => 'Extract the profiled attorney\\'s job title. Ensure it is properly capitalized.The attorney can have multiple titles, in which case list them all as an array. If no title is found, return an empty array.',\r\n'location' => 'Extract the office name or city name in which this attorney works, as it is listed. The attorney may work out of two offices, in which case both should be listed. List them as an array. Do not include prior locations that may be mentioned as where the attorney may have worked in the past.',\r\n'direct_phone_no_1' => 'Extract the direct office phone number listed for this attorney. If multiple phone numbers are listed, select the one that is their direct line, not the main or central office number, nor a fax number. If the attorney works out of two offices and has a direct line for each office, list the first here. If a direct line is unavailable, but a main or central office number is listed with an extension, list that number followed by EXT and the extension number',\r\n'direct_phone_no_2' => 'Extract the second direct office phone number listed for this attorney, if it exists. If multiple direct phone numbers are listed because the attorney works out of two office, select the second number \u2013 not the one listed in the prior item. Select only a number that is the attorney\u2019s direct line, not the main or central office number, nor a fax number.',\r\n'image_url' => 'Extract the URL for the attorney\u2019s image file',\r\n'linkedIn' => 'Extract the URL for the attorney\u2019s LinkedIn profile, if it is listed. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'narrative_description' => 'Extract and combine all sections that provide a narrative overview of the attorney\u2019s biography and general work experience. Do not paraphrase, summarize, or omit information. Include the Biography/Bio section(s) and also include any Experience section that contains narrative descriptions of work (including sections structured as practice-area headings followed by descriptive paragraphs, e.g., \"Aging Services\" + paragraph text, \"Dental\" + paragraph text, etc.). Preserve headings and the order of content as it appears; you may convert embedded highlights into bullet points only if it helps preserve (not reduce) the information. EXCLUDE: any section (or subsection) that exclusively lists specific representative matters / representative experience items (typically a list of discrete matters, case captions like \"X v. Y\", deal/transaction bullet points, dated entries, courts/dockets, or similar itemized matter lists). If an Experience (or other) section contains BOTH narrative description AND a separate list of specific matters, include the narrative paragraphs/headings but omit the itemized matter list. Return the combined narrative text only. If no narrative bio or general-experience narrative exists, return an empty string.',\r\n'representative_matters' => 'Extract ALL representative matters (such as litigation cases, verdicts, transactions, or deals) that are listed as well any available descriptions of them, in both specified lists of representative matters, experience, and work highlights, as well as in the biographical text and list of news articles. If news articles for this attorney identify cases or transactions that can be inferred to be the work product of this attorney, include those matters as well. List the representative matters and their available descriptions as an array. Only pull from the text and do not paraphrase or make anything up. If no representative matters are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'news' => 'Extract news items ABOUT this attorney (not authored by them): e.g., firm/industry press releases, announcements, awards, rankings, deal/case results naming them, media coverage quoting or profiling them. List each item as \"Title (URL)\". If a \u201cNews\u201d section mixes authored content, include ONLY items that are clearly about the attorney or the firm, not implied to be authored by the attorney. Add base domain to relative links. Return an empty array [] if none.',\r\n'practice_areas' => 'Extract all the practice areas (aka departments, specialties, capabilities, services areas, areas of focus, etc.), if any, that are listed as ones that this attorney specializes in. Return them as an array. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'law_school' => 'Extract the law school attorney attended. This is for their primary law degree, usually a JD, LLB, or, in the absence of those, the earliest LLM listed or the institution where they received an undergraduate law degree. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'law_school_graduation_year' => 'Extract the year in which the attorney received their degree from the law school above (what year did they graduate?) If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'law_school_honors' => 'Extract all honors this attorney received in or during law school. You must review all education and credentials sections that list their law degree AND ALSO the narrative bio, as well as all other sectiosn. These honors include: latin honors (cum laude, summa cum laude, magna cum laude); school specific honors (e.g. James Kent Scholars at Columbia Law); regular honors designations (e.g. Dean\u2019s List, High Honors, etc.); Order of the Coif; course prizes (such as book awards, CALI Awards, American Jurisprudence Awards, or course awards); membership in phi kappa phi; scholarships and fellowships; moot court awards; trial advocacy awards; best oralis; brief-writing honors or other writing honors; pro bono or service distinctions; commencement prizes and medals; or other types of academic law school honors (but list them specifically - do not list them as \"other honors\". Return this entire extracted list of specific honors as an array. If no honors are found, return an empty array.',   \r\n'law_journals' =>' Extract any law reviews or law journals listed for the attorney's time in law school. Also list if the attorney had any titles in such law reviews or journals, like Articles Editor for example. Return this entire extracted list of law reviews and journals, and associated titles, as an array. If no law reviews or journals are found, return an empty array.'\r\n'undergraduate_school' => 'Extract the attorney\\'s undergraduate degree-granting school, college, university, or institution. This is probably the institution from where they received a bachelors degree. If their undergraduate degree was an LLB listed for their law school above, return an empty string. If no undergraduate schools are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'undergraduate_school_graduation_year' => 'Extract the year in which attorney received their undergraduate degree from the undergraduate school above. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'undergraduate_specialty' => 'Extract the specialties or majors that are listed for the undergraduate degree (e.g. economics, computer science, etc.) This does not include degree type, like B.S., Bachelor of Arts or Science degree, etc. List the specialties or majors as an array. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'PhD_school' => 'If this attorney has a PhD, Extract the educational institution from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'PhD_subject' => 'If this attorney has a PhD, list the educational institution from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Masters_degree_school' => 'If this attorney has a masters degree, extract the educational institution from which they received it. But do not list schools from which the attorney received an LL.M. degree or a masters in law. If no masters degree schools are found, return an empty string. ',\r\n'Masters_degree_subject' => 'If the attorney has a masters degree, extract the subject or area of study of the masters. The subject area may be in the degree itself, such as an M.Div, which is a masters in Divinity. But do not include subjects for LL.M. degrees or masters in law degrees. DO NOT include honors or latin honors (e.g. cum laude, summa cum laude) in your answer. List subjects as array. If no masters degree subjects are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'MBA_School' => 'If the attorney has a Masters in Business Administration, extract the name of the business school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'MD_school' => 'If the attorney has an MD (Doctor of Medicine) or DO (Doctor of Osteopathy) degree, extract the name of the medical school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'llm_in_tax_law_school' =>  'If the attorney has an masters in laws (LLM) degree, specializing in tax, extract the name of the law school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Other_LLM_school' => 'If the attorney has an masters in laws (LLM) degree, but not one that specializes in tax, extract the name of the law school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'bar_and_court_admissions' => 'Extract EVERY explicit admission to practice (bar + court/agency) anywhere in the page. Include bar jurisdictions (states/provinces/territories/countries) and court/agency admissions (e.g., U.S. Supreme Court, Courts of Appeals with circuit, District/Bankruptcy/Tax/Federal Claims courts with district, USPTO, tribal/military/foreign courts). For UK attorneys, specify whether they are a solicitor, barrister, advocate, or any combination if available; for Canada, specify the province or territory; for Australia, specify the state or territory and whether they are admitted as a solicitor or barrister. Pull items under headings like \u201cAdmissions,\u201d \u201cBar Admissions,\u201d \u201cCourt Admissions,\u201d or similar, and treat each
 or clearly separated entry as one item. Do not infer from memberships/education. Exclude governments as parties, and strip years and dates. Output a deduplicated array of exact admission strings; if none, return []. ',\r\n'Clerkships' => 'Extract every judicial or court clerkship held by this attorney, regardless of where it appears in the biography (including in lists of prior employment or mixed professional experience). Treat any role containing the word \u201cclerk,\u201d \u201cclerkship,\u201d \u201cjudicial law clerk,\u201d \u201claw clerk,\u201d or similar as a clerkship. For each clerkship, return the name of the court as an array item; if the biography provides the judge\u2019s name, DO NOT include it in your answer. Include clerkships in federal courts (including bankruptcy courts), state courts, appellate courts, supreme courts, magistrate judges, and any foreign courts. Do not skip clerkships that appear in long court titles. If no clerkships are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Clerkships_with_judge' => 'Extract every judicial or court clerkship held by this attorney, regardless of where it appears in the biography (including in lists of prior employment or mixed professional experience). Treat any role containing the word \u201cclerk,\u201d \u201cclerkship,\u201d \u201cjudicial law clerk,\u201d \u201claw clerk,\u201d or similar as a clerkship. For each clerkship, return the name of the court as an array item; if the biography provides the judge\u2019s name, include it in parentheses after the court name, and if no judge is named, return only the court. Include clerkships in federal courts (including bankruptcy courts), state courts, appellate courts, supreme courts, magistrate judges, and any foreign courts. Do not skip clerkships that lack judge names or that appear in long court titles. If no clerkships are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Memberships' => 'Extract any organizations the attorney a member of. List them as an array, with the attorney's role if available. If no memberships or organizations are listed, return an empty string.',\r\n'clients' => 'Extract the attorney's clients that are explicitly NAMED in the source code. You MUST review EVERY section (including explicit client lists, narrative biography, representative matters, experience, and news articles/titles) and then MERGE the results; do not stop after finding clients in any one section. If a list of representative matters or experience is present, extract NAMED clients from this list, and ignore any clients who are described in the list but who are not explicitly named in the list. Only include a client from the list of representative matters/experience or any other section if its name appears verbatim in the list and if the list clearly identifies the client as a real person, business, company, organization, or government entity. Do NOT include general descriptions, categories, roles, or descriptors that are not proper names (for example: \"Fortune 50 company\", \"medical billing company\", \"global bank\", \"mayoral candidate\", \"pharmacy\", \"trade association\", \"energy company\", or similar phrases). As an overarching rule, if the client is not identified by a proper name, do not include it. When pulling clients from lists of representative matters/experience and news articles, include clients which are named and which are implied to be represented by this attorney, their team or firm, and exclude parties adverse to such clients, opposing such clients, or on the other side of a case, deal or transaction from such clients. For example, if the representative matter/experience or news article's title mentions a lending transaction with both the lender and borrower, and the attorney or their team or firm represented the lender, do not list the borrower. If a litigation case is listed, do not assume that the lawyer represented the plaintiff. Use context or other language in the text to determine which party was represented by the attorney. If a matter lists the government as one party, assume the attorney represented the other named party and include that party if it is specifically named and not anonymous. As another example, if the representative matter/experience is a litigation case, and it is written that the attorney represented the defense (or \"defended\" his client), extract the defendant named in the case title. List all named clients as a deduplicated array of NAMES copied directly from the source text. Omit unnamed parties and anonymous parties and never guess identities. If no named clients are explicitly named anywhere in the source code, return an empty string.',\r\n'industries' => 'Extract ONLY industries/industry sectors or client-type categories explicitly named in the source code (especially, but not exclusively, under headings like \u201cIndustries,\u201d \u201cPractices & Industries,\u201d or in /industries/ links). Include items like \u201cSports,\u201d \u201cHealthcare & Life Sciences,\u201d \u201cTechnology,\u201d \u201cInfrastructure,\u201d \u201cPrivate Equity,\u201d etc. EXCLUDE practice areas, services, or deal/matter types (e.g., \u201cMergers & Acquisitions,\u201d \u201cPrivate Equity M&A,\u201d \u201cacquisitions,\u201d \u201cinvestments,\u201d \u201cdivestitures,\u201d \u201cjoint ventures,\u201d \u201cfinancing,\u201d \u201crestructurings\u201d). Return a deduplicated array of industry/client-type names as written. If none are explicitly named, return empty array.',\r\n'languages' => 'Extract the languages in which the attorney is fluent. List them as an array.',\r\n'Accolades' => 'Extract any accolades, awards, or other special recognitions this attorney has received, such as rankings in Chambers guides (like Chambers & Partners, Chambers Gobal, or Chambers Asia-Pacific), the Legal500 list, and SuperLawyers, among others. The accolades should be specific to this attorney or their work, not generalized to their practice or their firm. List these accolades as an array. If no accolades are listed, return an empty string.',\r\n'pro_bono_activities' => 'Extract the attorney's pro bono, community service, and volunteer activities, as well as any non-profit, ngo, community service organizations the attorney may be involved with. If a description of the work is provided, include that. List them as an array',\r\n'thought_leadership' => 'Extract ALL professional thought leadership attributed to this attorney in their narrative bio and in all \"Insights,\" \"Publications,\" \"Events,\" and similar sections. This includes all items with their authorship/co-authorship/speaking/hosting credit/(byline \u201cauthor,\u201d \"co-author,\" \u201cpresenter,\u201d \u201cspeaker,\u201d \u201cpanelist,\u201d \u201cwebinar,\u201d \u201cpodcast,\u201d \u201cblog,\u201d \u201carticle,\u201d \u201cpublication,\u201d \u201cchapter,\u201d \u201cCLE,\u201d etc.). This also includes any items that do not include their byline or credit, but which are implied to involve the attorney (for example, by being listed in a section on their profile for \"Insights,\" \"Podcasts,\" \"Events,\" \"Media,\" \"Thought Leadership,\" \"Webinars, etc.). If a \u201cNews\u201d or \u201cInsights\u201d section mixes third party news ABOUT this attorney, include only items implied to the attorney as creator/presenter. List each as \"Title (URL)\" when a link is present, otherwise just the title. Add base domain to relative links. Also include the publication, event/program, and date after the title if these are available. Return [] if none.'\r\n'adverse_parties' => 'Review all the source code, including the narrative bio and list of representative matters, and list EVERY identifiable and NAMED party that is adverse to this attorney\u2019s clients: litigation opponents and transaction counterparties (buyer vs seller, lender vs borrower, landlord vs tenant, licensor vs licensee, insurer vs insured, issuer vs underwriter/investor, etc.). You MUST pull from all sections in the source code - explicit lists of clients, the narrative biography, listed representative matters, or in news articles listed for this attorney, or the titles thereof. In M&A, if the attorney represented the buyer/acquirer, DO NOT list the acquired target as adverse (since it becomes the client); instead list only the selling side (seller, stockholders, founders, or divesting company). If the attorney represented the seller/target, list the buyer/acquirer. Use cues like \u201cto/with/from/against,\u201d \u201csale to/by,\u201d \u201cacquisition from/by,\u201d \u201cmerger with,\u201d \u201cfinanced by/loan to/from/credit facility with.\u201d In the attorney represented the owner or owning entity of a subsidiary/portfolio company (for example in the case of a restructuring or lending transaction), DO NOT list the subsidiary/portfolio company as adverse; Do not list governments/agencies/courts. Only include an adverse party if its name appears verbatim in the source code and clearly identifies a real person, business, company, organization, or government entity. Do NOT include general descriptions, categories, roles, or descriptors that are not proper names (for example: \"Fortune 50 company\", \"medical billing company\", \"global bank\", \"mayoral candidate\", \"pharmacy\", \"trade association\", \"energy company\", or similar phrases). If the text does not contain the adverse party's name, do not include it. Output a deduplicated array of exact names; omit unnamed parties and never guess.'\r\n 'affinity_groups' => 'Extract ALL affinity/identity-based organizations the attorney is affiliated with on the page, even if under generic headings like \u201cAssociations,\u201d \u201cMemberships,\u201d \u201cAffiliations,\u201d \u201cCommunities,\u201d or \u201cOrganizations.\u201d Check all sections of the source code. Include all bar or professional association whose name signals an identity/affinity or civil-rights focus (e.g., words like Black/African-American/AAPI/Asian/South Asian/Pacific Islander/Hispanic/Latino/Native/Indigenous/LGBT/LGBTQ/Queer/Women/Gender/Disability/Veteran/Jewish/Muslim/Christian/Hindu/Sikh/Interfaith/Civil Rights/Minority/Diversity/Inclusion). Exclude purely general trade/professional groups without such identity focus. Return a deduplicated array of exact organization names; if none, return empty array.'"]}


[System] Extract the following details from the provided HTML source code. Return only a valid JSON object. Do not include any other text.

[User]
{"html":"\t\t
Frankfurt Kurnit Klein & Selz
\n\t\t<form>\n            <fieldset>\n                SEARCH Â  \n            </fieldset>\n        </form>\n\t\t
Rachel Banks
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contact information
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\tP 646 438-6762
\n\t\t\t\t\t\trbanks@fkks.com\n\t\t\t\t\t\tÂ Â Download vCard\n\t\t\t\t\t
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areas of expertise
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Legal Ethics & Professional Responsibility Litigation
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Rachel is an associate in the firmâ€™s Litigation, Legal Ethics and Professional Responsibility, and White-Collar Defense and Investigation groups. Her practice focuses on representing lawyers and law firms in a wide range of ethical and professional matters, including malpractice litigation, fee disputes, partnership dissolution, and attorney discipline and admission. In addition to her ethical and professional responsibility work, Rachel is an experienced trial attorney who represents individuals in a variety of criminal matters in both state and federal court. Prior to joining Frankfurt Kurnit, Rachel worked as a staff attorney in the criminal defense practice at The Bronx Defenders, where she represented over one thousand clients on issues ranging from traffic violations to serious violent felonies.
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education
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The University of Denver, 2018 (J.D.)
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Johns Hopkins University, 2014 (M.S.)
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Upcoming Speaking Engagements
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Past Speaking Engagements
\n","instructions":["'first_name' => 'Extract only the attorney\\'s first name.',\r\n'middle_name' => 'Extract only the attorney\\'s middle name or middle initial, as it is presented. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'surname' => 'Extract the attorney\u2019s last name or family name',\r\n'email' => 'Extract a valid email address for the profiled attorney. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'title' => 'Extract the profiled attorney\\'s job title. Ensure it is properly capitalized.The attorney can have multiple titles, in which case list them all as an array. If no title is found, return an empty array.',\r\n'location' => 'Extract the office name or city name in which this attorney works, as it is listed. The attorney may work out of two offices, in which case both should be listed. List them as an array. Do not include prior locations that may be mentioned as where the attorney may have worked in the past.',\r\n'direct_phone_no_1' => 'Extract the direct office phone number listed for this attorney. If multiple phone numbers are listed, select the one that is their direct line, not the main or central office number, nor a fax number. If the attorney works out of two offices and has a direct line for each office, list the first here. If a direct line is unavailable, but a main or central office number is listed with an extension, list that number followed by EXT and the extension number',\r\n'direct_phone_no_2' => 'Extract the second direct office phone number listed for this attorney, if it exists. If multiple direct phone numbers are listed because the attorney works out of two office, select the second number \u2013 not the one listed in the prior item. Select only a number that is the attorney\u2019s direct line, not the main or central office number, nor a fax number.',\r\n'image_url' => 'Extract the URL for the attorney\u2019s image file',\r\n'linkedIn' => 'Extract the URL for the attorney\u2019s LinkedIn profile, if it is listed. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'narrative_description' => 'Extract and combine all sections that provide a narrative overview of the attorney\u2019s biography and general work experience. Do not paraphrase, summarize, or omit information. Include the Biography/Bio section(s) and also include any Experience section that contains narrative descriptions of work (including sections structured as practice-area headings followed by descriptive paragraphs, e.g., \"Aging Services\" + paragraph text, \"Dental\" + paragraph text, etc.). Preserve headings and the order of content as it appears; you may convert embedded highlights into bullet points only if it helps preserve (not reduce) the information. EXCLUDE: any section (or subsection) that exclusively lists specific representative matters / representative experience items (typically a list of discrete matters, case captions like \"X v. Y\", deal/transaction bullet points, dated entries, courts/dockets, or similar itemized matter lists). If an Experience (or other) section contains BOTH narrative description AND a separate list of specific matters, include the narrative paragraphs/headings but omit the itemized matter list. Return the combined narrative text only. If no narrative bio or general-experience narrative exists, return an empty string.',\r\n'representative_matters' => 'Extract ALL representative matters (such as litigation cases, verdicts, transactions, or deals) that are listed as well any available descriptions of them, in both specified lists of representative matters, experience, and work highlights, as well as in the biographical text and list of news articles. If news articles for this attorney identify cases or transactions that can be inferred to be the work product of this attorney, include those matters as well. List the representative matters and their available descriptions as an array. Only pull from the text and do not paraphrase or make anything up. If no representative matters are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'news' => 'Extract news items ABOUT this attorney (not authored by them): e.g., firm/industry press releases, announcements, awards, rankings, deal/case results naming them, media coverage quoting or profiling them. List each item as \"Title (URL)\". If a \u201cNews\u201d section mixes authored content, include ONLY items that are clearly about the attorney or the firm, not implied to be authored by the attorney. Add base domain to relative links. Return an empty array [] if none.',\r\n'practice_areas' => 'Extract all the practice areas (aka departments, specialties, capabilities, services areas, areas of focus, etc.), if any, that are listed as ones that this attorney specializes in. Return them as an array. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'law_school' => 'Extract the law school attorney attended. This is for their primary law degree, usually a JD, LLB, or, in the absence of those, the earliest LLM listed or the institution where they received an undergraduate law degree. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'law_school_graduation_year' => 'Extract the year in which the attorney received their degree from the law school above (what year did they graduate?) If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'law_school_honors' => 'Extract all honors this attorney received in or during law school. You must review all education and credentials sections that list their law degree AND ALSO the narrative bio, as well as all other sectiosn. These honors include: latin honors (cum laude, summa cum laude, magna cum laude); school specific honors (e.g. James Kent Scholars at Columbia Law); regular honors designations (e.g. Dean\u2019s List, High Honors, etc.); Order of the Coif; course prizes (such as book awards, CALI Awards, American Jurisprudence Awards, or course awards); membership in phi kappa phi; scholarships and fellowships; moot court awards; trial advocacy awards; best oralis; brief-writing honors or other writing honors; pro bono or service distinctions; commencement prizes and medals; or other types of academic law school honors (but list them specifically - do not list them as \"other honors\". Return this entire extracted list of specific honors as an array. If no honors are found, return an empty array.',   \r\n'law_journals' =>' Extract any law reviews or law journals listed for the attorney's time in law school. Also list if the attorney had any titles in such law reviews or journals, like Articles Editor for example. Return this entire extracted list of law reviews and journals, and associated titles, as an array. If no law reviews or journals are found, return an empty array.'\r\n'undergraduate_school' => 'Extract the attorney\\'s undergraduate degree-granting school, college, university, or institution. This is probably the institution from where they received a bachelors degree. If their undergraduate degree was an LLB listed for their law school above, return an empty string. If no undergraduate schools are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'undergraduate_school_graduation_year' => 'Extract the year in which attorney received their undergraduate degree from the undergraduate school above. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'undergraduate_specialty' => 'Extract the specialties or majors that are listed for the undergraduate degree (e.g. economics, computer science, etc.) This does not include degree type, like B.S., Bachelor of Arts or Science degree, etc. List the specialties or majors as an array. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'PhD_school' => 'If this attorney has a PhD, Extract the educational institution from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'PhD_subject' => 'If this attorney has a PhD, list the educational institution from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Masters_degree_school' => 'If this attorney has a masters degree, extract the educational institution from which they received it. But do not list schools from which the attorney received an LL.M. degree or a masters in law. If no masters degree schools are found, return an empty string. ',\r\n'Masters_degree_subject' => 'If the attorney has a masters degree, extract the subject or area of study of the masters. The subject area may be in the degree itself, such as an M.Div, which is a masters in Divinity. But do not include subjects for LL.M. degrees or masters in law degrees. DO NOT include honors or latin honors (e.g. cum laude, summa cum laude) in your answer. List subjects as array. If no masters degree subjects are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'MBA_School' => 'If the attorney has a Masters in Business Administration, extract the name of the business school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'MD_school' => 'If the attorney has an MD (Doctor of Medicine) or DO (Doctor of Osteopathy) degree, extract the name of the medical school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'llm_in_tax_law_school' =>  'If the attorney has an masters in laws (LLM) degree, specializing in tax, extract the name of the law school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Other_LLM_school' => 'If the attorney has an masters in laws (LLM) degree, but not one that specializes in tax, extract the name of the law school from which they received it. If not found, return an empty string.',\r\n'bar_and_court_admissions' => 'Extract EVERY explicit admission to practice (bar + court/agency) anywhere in the page. Include bar jurisdictions (states/provinces/territories/countries) and court/agency admissions (e.g., U.S. Supreme Court, Courts of Appeals with circuit, District/Bankruptcy/Tax/Federal Claims courts with district, USPTO, tribal/military/foreign courts). For UK attorneys, specify whether they are a solicitor, barrister, advocate, or any combination if available; for Canada, specify the province or territory; for Australia, specify the state or territory and whether they are admitted as a solicitor or barrister. Pull items under headings like \u201cAdmissions,\u201d \u201cBar Admissions,\u201d \u201cCourt Admissions,\u201d or similar, and treat each
 or clearly separated entry as one item. Do not infer from memberships/education. Exclude governments as parties, and strip years and dates. Output a deduplicated array of exact admission strings; if none, return []. ',\r\n'Clerkships' => 'Extract every judicial or court clerkship held by this attorney, regardless of where it appears in the biography (including in lists of prior employment or mixed professional experience). Treat any role containing the word \u201cclerk,\u201d \u201cclerkship,\u201d \u201cjudicial law clerk,\u201d \u201claw clerk,\u201d or similar as a clerkship. For each clerkship, return the name of the court as an array item; if the biography provides the judge\u2019s name, DO NOT include it in your answer. Include clerkships in federal courts (including bankruptcy courts), state courts, appellate courts, supreme courts, magistrate judges, and any foreign courts. Do not skip clerkships that appear in long court titles. If no clerkships are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Clerkships_with_judge' => 'Extract every judicial or court clerkship held by this attorney, regardless of where it appears in the biography (including in lists of prior employment or mixed professional experience). Treat any role containing the word \u201cclerk,\u201d \u201cclerkship,\u201d \u201cjudicial law clerk,\u201d \u201claw clerk,\u201d or similar as a clerkship. For each clerkship, return the name of the court as an array item; if the biography provides the judge\u2019s name, include it in parentheses after the court name, and if no judge is named, return only the court. Include clerkships in federal courts (including bankruptcy courts), state courts, appellate courts, supreme courts, magistrate judges, and any foreign courts. Do not skip clerkships that lack judge names or that appear in long court titles. If no clerkships are found, return an empty string.',\r\n'Memberships' => 'Extract any organizations the attorney a member of. List them as an array, with the attorney's role if available. If no memberships or organizations are listed, return an empty string.',\r\n'clients' => 'Extract the attorney's clients that are explicitly NAMED in the source code. You MUST review EVERY section (including explicit client lists, narrative biography, representative matters, experience, and news articles/titles) and then MERGE the results; do not stop after finding clients in any one section. If a list of representative matters or experience is present, extract NAMED clients from this list, and ignore any clients who are described in the list but who are not explicitly named in the list. Only include a client from the list of representative matters/experience or any other section if its name appears verbatim in the list and if the list clearly identifies the client as a real person, business, company, organization, or government entity. Do NOT include general descriptions, categories, roles, or descriptors that are not proper names (for example: \"Fortune 50 company\", \"medical billing company\", \"global bank\", \"mayoral candidate\", \"pharmacy\", \"trade association\", \"energy company\", or similar phrases). As an overarching rule, if the client is not identified by a proper name, do not include it. When pulling clients from lists of representative matters/experience and news articles, include clients which are named and which are implied to be represented by this attorney, their team or firm, and exclude parties adverse to such clients, opposing such clients, or on the other side of a case, deal or transaction from such clients. For example, if the representative matter/experience or news article's title mentions a lending transaction with both the lender and borrower, and the attorney or their team or firm represented the lender, do not list the borrower. If a litigation case is listed, do not assume that the lawyer represented the plaintiff. Use context or other language in the text to determine which party was represented by the attorney. If a matter lists the government as one party, assume the attorney represented the other named party and include that party if it is specifically named and not anonymous. As another example, if the representative matter/experience is a litigation case, and it is written that the attorney represented the defense (or \"defended\" his client), extract the defendant named in the case title. List all named clients as a deduplicated array of NAMES copied directly from the source text. Omit unnamed parties and anonymous parties and never guess identities. If no named clients are explicitly named anywhere in the source code, return an empty string.',\r\n'industries' => 'Extract ONLY industries/industry sectors or client-type categories explicitly named in the source code (especially, but not exclusively, under headings like \u201cIndustries,\u201d \u201cPractices & Industries,\u201d or in /industries/ links). Include items like \u201cSports,\u201d \u201cHealthcare & Life Sciences,\u201d \u201cTechnology,\u201d \u201cInfrastructure,\u201d \u201cPrivate Equity,\u201d etc. EXCLUDE practice areas, services, or deal/matter types (e.g., \u201cMergers & Acquisitions,\u201d \u201cPrivate Equity M&A,\u201d \u201cacquisitions,\u201d \u201cinvestments,\u201d \u201cdivestitures,\u201d \u201cjoint ventures,\u201d \u201cfinancing,\u201d \u201crestructurings\u201d). Return a deduplicated array of industry/client-type names as written. If none are explicitly named, return empty array.',\r\n'languages' => 'Extract the languages in which the attorney is fluent. List them as an array.',\r\n'Accolades' => 'Extract any accolades, awards, or other special recognitions this attorney has received, such as rankings in Chambers guides (like Chambers & Partners, Chambers Gobal, or Chambers Asia-Pacific), the Legal500 list, and SuperLawyers, among others. The accolades should be specific to this attorney or their work, not generalized to their practice or their firm. List these accolades as an array. If no accolades are listed, return an empty string.',\r\n'pro_bono_activities' => 'Extract the attorney's pro bono, community service, and volunteer activities, as well as any non-profit, ngo, community service organizations the attorney may be involved with. If a description of the work is provided, include that. List them as an array',\r\n'thought_leadership' => 'Extract ALL professional thought leadership attributed to this attorney in their narrative bio and in all \"Insights,\" \"Publications,\" \"Events,\" and similar sections. This includes all items with their authorship/co-authorship/speaking/hosting credit/(byline \u201cauthor,\u201d \"co-author,\" \u201cpresenter,\u201d \u201cspeaker,\u201d \u201cpanelist,\u201d \u201cwebinar,\u201d \u201cpodcast,\u201d \u201cblog,\u201d \u201carticle,\u201d \u201cpublication,\u201d \u201cchapter,\u201d \u201cCLE,\u201d etc.). This also includes any items that do not include their byline or credit, but which are implied to involve the attorney (for example, by being listed in a section on their profile for \"Insights,\" \"Podcasts,\" \"Events,\" \"Media,\" \"Thought Leadership,\" \"Webinars, etc.). If a \u201cNews\u201d or \u201cInsights\u201d section mixes third party news ABOUT this attorney, include only items implied to the attorney as creator/presenter. List each as \"Title (URL)\" when a link is present, otherwise just the title. Add base domain to relative links. Also include the publication, event/program, and date after the title if these are available. Return [] if none.'\r\n'adverse_parties' => 'Review all the source code, including the narrative bio and list of representative matters, and list EVERY identifiable and NAMED party that is adverse to this attorney\u2019s clients: litigation opponents and transaction counterparties (buyer vs seller, lender vs borrower, landlord vs tenant, licensor vs licensee, insurer vs insured, issuer vs underwriter/investor, etc.). You MUST pull from all sections in the source code - explicit lists of clients, the narrative biography, listed representative matters, or in news articles listed for this attorney, or the titles thereof. In M&A, if the attorney represented the buyer/acquirer, DO NOT list the acquired target as adverse (since it becomes the client); instead list only the selling side (seller, stockholders, founders, or divesting company). If the attorney represented the seller/target, list the buyer/acquirer. Use cues like \u201cto/with/from/against,\u201d \u201csale to/by,\u201d \u201cacquisition from/by,\u201d \u201cmerger with,\u201d \u201cfinanced by/loan to/from/credit facility with.\u201d In the attorney represented the owner or owning entity of a subsidiary/portfolio company (for example in the case of a restructuring or lending transaction), DO NOT list the subsidiary/portfolio company as adverse; Do not list governments/agencies/courts. Only include an adverse party if its name appears verbatim in the source code and clearly identifies a real person, business, company, organization, or government entity. Do NOT include general descriptions, categories, roles, or descriptors that are not proper names (for example: \"Fortune 50 company\", \"medical billing company\", \"global bank\", \"mayoral candidate\", \"pharmacy\", \"trade association\", \"energy company\", or similar phrases). If the text does not contain the adverse party's name, do not include it. Output a deduplicated array of exact names; omit unnamed parties and never guess.'\r\n 'affinity_groups' => 'Extract ALL affinity/identity-based organizations the attorney is affiliated with on the page, even if under generic headings like \u201cAssociations,\u201d \u201cMemberships,\u201d \u201cAffiliations,\u201d \u201cCommunities,\u201d or \u201cOrganizations.\u201d Check all sections of the source code. Include all bar or professional association whose name signals an identity/affinity or civil-rights focus (e.g., words like Black/African-American/AAPI/Asian/South Asian/Pacific Islander/Hispanic/Latino/Native/Indigenous/LGBT/LGBTQ/Queer/Women/Gender/Disability/Veteran/Jewish/Muslim/Christian/Hindu/Sikh/Interfaith/Civil Rights/Minority/Diversity/Inclusion). Exclude purely general trade/professional groups without such identity focus. Return a deduplicated array of exact organization names; if none, return empty array.'"]}