[System] You are a legal domain expert classifying attorney practice specialties. Always return your output via the function call provided. Do not ask for clarification or additional information. If information is missing, rely only on available inputs and return the most appropriate result.

[User]
You are given three components of an attorney's profile:

- Narrative Biography: A written overview of the attorney’s background and focus.
- Listed Practice Areas: Official practice areas assigned by the firm.
- Representative Matters: Bullet-point examples of the attorney’s real-world legal work.

Your Task:
Select the most accurate practice specialties from the master list below, based on the attorney’s actual experience. You may select multiple, but only if each is clearly supported by the narrative or matters. Only return specialty names exactly as they appear in the master list. Do not rephrase or invent new ones.

Selection Rules:
- Prioritize Representative Matters as your main evidence. If they are missing, ely only on the narrative biography or listed practice areas.
- Use the Narrative Biography secondarily.
- Listed Practice Areas should only confirm choices—not determine them.
- Prefer specific specialties (e.g., “Private Equity Transactions” over “Corporate”).
- Exclude specialties based solely on vague or ambiguous language.
- Exclude pro bono-only work.
- Do not include industries unless clearly relevant.
- Output only a plain list of specialty names—no formatting, bullets, or commentary.

Master List of Practice Specialties:Antitrust & Competition, Cartels, EU & Competition, State Aid, Antitrust Compliance Counseling and Training, Antitrust Litigation, Merger Investigations and Clearance, Banking & Finance, Acquisition & Leveraged Finance, Asset Finance, Aviation Finance, Rail Finance, Shipping Finance, Financial Regulation, Islamic Finance, Fintech, Distressed Debt, Mezzanine Finance, Fund Finance, Syndicated Finance, Loan Workouts and Restructurings, Capital Markets, Debt Capital Markets, IPOs and Direct Listings, Equity Capital Markets, Derivatives, High Yield, Structured Finance and Securitization, Corporate, Commercial Contracts, Corporate Governance, Emerging Companies & Venture Capital, Investment Funds and Asset Management, Hedge Funds, Private Equity Funds, Credit and Debt Funds, Venture Capital Funds, Distressed Asset Funds, Leveraged Buyout Funds, Real Estate Funds, Joint Ventures, Mergers & Acquisitions, Private Equity Transactions, Real Estate Due Diligence and Transactional Advisory, Regulatory Compliance Counseling, Investigations, and Defense, Government Investigations, Antitrust Counseling and Merger Investigations, Internal Investigations, Congressional Investigations, International Risk & Investigations, Anti-Bribery and Corruption, White Collar Defense, Securities and Futures Compliance and Enforcement, FDA Regulatory, Environmental Enforcement Defense, Healthcare and Life Sciences Regulatory, Insurance Regulatory, Consumer Protection and FTC, False Claims Act, International Trade and National Security, International Trade, Foreign Investment and National Security Reviews, CFIUS Filings, ITC Section 337 Proceedings, Export Controls, International Protection of Intellectual Property Rights, Anti-Dumping, Countervailing Duty, and Safeguard Proceedings, International Trade and Investment Negotiations and Disputes, WTO, NAFTA, Bilateral Investment Treaties, Free Trade Agreements, International Trade and Investment Policy, Ministry of Commerce (China), Directorate-General for Trade (EU), Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan), United States Trade Representative, International Commercial Arbitration, Customs Enforcement and Rultings, Supply Chain Security Issues, Economic Sanctions, Embargoes and FCPA Compliance, Anti-Boycott Regulations, Corporate Espionage, Cybersecurity, Privacy and Data Protection, California Privacy and the California Consumer Privacy Act, Cross-Border Transfers, Cybersecurity & Risk Management, Electronic Surveillance and Law Enforcement Access, European Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, GPDR, Financial Privacy, Middle East Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, Asia-Pacific Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, HIPAA/Health Information Privacy, Security & Breach Response, Human Resources Privacy, Privacy and Cyber Legislation, National Security & Digital Crimes, Privacy & Cyber Regulatory Enforcement, Ransomware, Dispute Resolution & Litigation, Alternative Dispute Resolution, Arbitration, Securities Litigation, Class Actions, International Arbitration, Commercial Litigation, Appellate & U.S. Supreme Court, M&A Litigation, Environmental Litigation, Employment Litigation & Counseling, Insurance Litigation, Intellectual Property Litigation, Trade Secrets Litigation, Construction Litigation, Energy Diputes and Litigation, ERISA & Employee Benefits Litigation, Bankruptcy Litigation, E-Discovery, Crisis Management, Trademark, Copyright & Media Litigation, Patent Litigation, Family Law Litigation, Enforcement Issues, Immigration Litigation, and Crisis Management, Bid Protest Litigation, Government Contracts Claims, Disputes, and Other Litigation, Labor & Employment, Discrimination & Retaliation, International Employment Compliance, Labor, Non-Competes & Restrictive Covenant Litigation, Wage & Hour Disputes, Whistleblower Counseling & Defense, Workplace Compliance & Investigations, Contractors, Staffing, and Contingent Workers, Handbooks & Policies, Human Resources Advice & Counsel, International Employment Law, Immigration, Permanent Residence, Business Visas, Labor Certification, Compliance and Auditing, Arts & Entertainment Immigration, EB-5 Program, Requests for Evidence (RFE), Consular Services, Executive Compensation & Employee Benefits, ERISA & Employee Benefits Counseling, Executive Compensation, Environment, Land Use & Natural Resources, Clean Air Act, Contaminated Sites & Remediation, Environmental Crisis Management, Water Regulation, Zoning, Family Law, Divorce, Annulment, Separation, Child Custody, Child Support, Cohabitation, Contested Adoption, Cross-Border & International Family Law, Reproductive Rights & Surrogacy, Parentage & Paternity, Prenuptial & Postnuptial Agreements, Family Law Post-Judgment Modification & Enforcement, Family Law Alternative Dispute Resolution & Mediation, Family Law Appellate, Torts and Insurance, Negligence and Malpractice, Personal Injury, Product Liability, Intellectual Property, Patents, Trade Secret Litigation, Intellectual Property Appellate, Standard Essential Patents, IP Chancery & Corporate Governance, Post-Grant Proceedings, Inter Partes Review, Post-Grant Review, Ex Parte Reexamination, Supplemental Examination, Patent Prosecution, Strategic Patent Counseling & Opinions, Patent Portfolio Management, Unitary Patent & Unified Patent Court, IP Licensing, IP and Tech Transactions & Agreements, Copyright and Trademark Strategic Counseling, Registration & Opinions, Advertising & Marketing, Domain Names & Internet, TTAB Oppositions & Cancellations, Digital Millennium Copyright Act, Copyright and Trademark Transactions & Agreements, Copyrights, Trademarks, Private Client, Charitable Giving, Private Client Tax, Trusts & Estates, Projects, Energy & Infrastructure, Project Finance, Facility Acquisitions and Dispositions, Project Development, Energy Regulatory, Electric Power & Utility Regulation, Liquids Pipeline Regulation, Natural Gas Regulation, Utility Rate Regulation, Oil, Gas & Electric Regulatory Transactions, Renewables Regulation, Real Estate, Commercial Property, Construction & Engineering, Real Estate Development, Real Estate Finance, Real Estate Borrower-side Financing and Restructuring, Real Estate Lender-side Financing and Restructuring, Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions, Real Estate Joint Ventures, Residential Property, Leasing, Corporate Real Estate, Co-op Boards, Real Estate Litigation, Zoning and Land Use, Title and Survey Review, Technology, Media & Telecommunications, Tax, Tax Controversy, State and Local Tax, Real Estate Tax, International Tax, Transactional Tax, Tax-Exempt Organizations, Bankruptcy & Restructuring, Creditor Representation, Debtor Reprentation, International Insolvency, Credit Opportunities, Out-of-Court Debt Restructurings and Workouts, Government Contracts, Government Contracts Accounting, Cost & Pricing, General Services Administration (GSA), Government Contracts Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), Grants, International Procurement, Suspension & Debarment, Government Contracts Transactions, Sectors and Issues, Healthcare & Life Sciences, Consumer Products, ESG, Shareholder Activism, European Union, China, Aerospace and Defense, Gaming, Climate Change, SPACs, Automotive, Digital Assets and Web3, Aviation, Russia/Ukraine, Transportation, Rail, Shipping, Outsourcing, Oil & Gas, Power, Renewables & Alternative Energy, Internet, Applications and Social Media, Open Source Software, Video Gaming & eSports, First Amendment, Hospitality, Resorts and Gaming, Media & Entertainment, Technology, Telecommunications, Sport, Maritime Litigation, Maritime Regulatory Compliance, Maritime Environmental, Maritime Finance, Maritime Transactions

Narrative Biography: Abigail Urquhart represents plaintiffs and defendants in complex business litigation, white collar criminal defense and multi-jurisdictional investigation matters. Her global litigation and investigations practice covers a range of areas, including matters involving healthcare, fraud, intellectual property, environmental disputes, real estate, commercial bribery, entertainment, shareholder rights, contractual disputes and cross-border issues. She has significant experience litigating high-stakes, high-dollar cases. Her clients include some of the largest companies in the world and high-profile individuals embroiled in high-stakes litigation. Abigail is admitted to practice before the US District Courts for the Central and Southern Districts of California and the US District Court for the Southern District of New York. She previously served as law clerk to the Honorable Kim McLane Wardlaw for the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
Listed Practice Areas: White-collar crime, Litigation and disputes, Fraud and asset recovery, Securities litigation, regulation and enforcement, Crisis management, Healthcare
Representative Matters: Successfully represented Swiss Bank in international conflict for over 200 million dollars.Successfully defended clients in numerous SEC investigations.Represented pharmacy in nationwide opioid litigation.Represented oil company in Clean Air Act Litigation.

Antitrust Compliance Counseling and Training

Real Estate Due Diligence and Transactional Advisory

Regulatory Compliance Counseling, Investigations, and Defense

Antitrust Counseling and Merger Investigations

Securities and Futures Compliance and Enforcement

International Trade and National Security

Foreign Investment and National Security Reviews, CFIUS Filings

International Protection of Intellectual Property Rights

Anti-Dumping, Countervailing Duty, and Safeguard Proceedings

International Trade and Investment Negotiations and Disputes

International Trade and Investment Policy

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan)

Economic Sanctions, Embargoes and FCPA Compliance

Cybersecurity, Privacy and Data Protection

California Privacy and the California Consumer Privacy Act

Electronic Surveillance and Law Enforcement Access

European Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, GPDR

Middle East Data Privacy and Cybersecurity

Asia-Pacific Data Privacy and Cybersecurity

HIPAA/Health Information Privacy, Security & Breach Response

Enforcement Issues, Immigration Litigation, and Crisis Management

Government Contracts Claims, Disputes, and Other Litigation

Non-Competes & Restrictive Covenant Litigation

Contractors, Staffing, and Contingent Workers

Executive Compensation & Employee Benefits

Environment, Land Use & Natural Resources

Family Law Post-Judgment Modification & Enforcement

Family Law Alternative Dispute Resolution & Mediation

Copyright and Trademark Strategic Counseling, Registration & Opinions

Copyright and Trademark Transactions & Agreements

Oil, Gas & Electric Regulatory Transactions

Real Estate Borrower-side Financing and Restructuring

Real Estate Lender-side Financing and Restructuring

Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions

Out-of-Court Debt Restructurings and Workouts

Government Contracts Accounting, Cost & Pricing

Government Contracts Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)


[System] You are a legal domain expert classifying attorney practice specialties. Always return your output via the function call provided. Do not ask for clarification or additional information. If information is missing, rely only on available inputs and return the most appropriate result.

[User]
You are given three components of an attorney's profile:

- Narrative Biography: A written overview of the attorney’s background and focus.
- Listed Practice Areas: Official practice areas assigned by the firm.
- Representative Matters: Bullet-point examples of the attorney’s real-world legal work.

Your Task:
Select the most accurate practice specialties from the master list below, based on the attorney’s actual experience. You may select multiple, but only if each is clearly supported by the narrative or matters. Only return specialty names exactly as they appear in the master list. Do not rephrase or invent new ones.

Selection Rules:
- Prioritize Representative Matters as your main evidence. If they are missing, ely only on the narrative biography or listed practice areas.
- Use the Narrative Biography secondarily.
- Listed Practice Areas should only confirm choices—not determine them.
- Prefer specific specialties (e.g., “Private Equity Transactions” over “Corporate”).
- Exclude specialties based solely on vague or ambiguous language.
- Exclude pro bono-only work.
- Do not include industries unless clearly relevant.
- Output only a plain list of specialty names—no formatting, bullets, or commentary.

Master List of Practice Specialties:Antitrust & Competition, Cartels, EU & Competition, State Aid, Antitrust Compliance Counseling and Training, Antitrust Litigation, Merger Investigations and Clearance, Banking & Finance, Acquisition & Leveraged Finance, Asset Finance, Aviation Finance, Rail Finance, Shipping Finance, Financial Regulation, Islamic Finance, Fintech, Distressed Debt, Mezzanine Finance, Fund Finance, Syndicated Finance, Loan Workouts and Restructurings, Capital Markets, Debt Capital Markets, IPOs and Direct Listings, Equity Capital Markets, Derivatives, High Yield, Structured Finance and Securitization, Corporate, Commercial Contracts, Corporate Governance, Emerging Companies & Venture Capital, Investment Funds and Asset Management, Hedge Funds, Private Equity Funds, Credit and Debt Funds, Venture Capital Funds, Distressed Asset Funds, Leveraged Buyout Funds, Real Estate Funds, Joint Ventures, Mergers & Acquisitions, Private Equity Transactions, Real Estate Due Diligence and Transactional Advisory, Regulatory Compliance Counseling, Investigations, and Defense, Government Investigations, Antitrust Counseling and Merger Investigations, Internal Investigations, Congressional Investigations, International Risk & Investigations, Anti-Bribery and Corruption, White Collar Defense, Securities and Futures Compliance and Enforcement, FDA Regulatory, Environmental Enforcement Defense, Healthcare and Life Sciences Regulatory, Insurance Regulatory, Consumer Protection and FTC, False Claims Act, International Trade and National Security, International Trade, Foreign Investment and National Security Reviews, CFIUS Filings, ITC Section 337 Proceedings, Export Controls, International Protection of Intellectual Property Rights, Anti-Dumping, Countervailing Duty, and Safeguard Proceedings, International Trade and Investment Negotiations and Disputes, WTO, NAFTA, Bilateral Investment Treaties, Free Trade Agreements, International Trade and Investment Policy, Ministry of Commerce (China), Directorate-General for Trade (EU), Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan), United States Trade Representative, International Commercial Arbitration, Customs Enforcement and Rultings, Supply Chain Security Issues, Economic Sanctions, Embargoes and FCPA Compliance, Anti-Boycott Regulations, Corporate Espionage, Cybersecurity, Privacy and Data Protection, California Privacy and the California Consumer Privacy Act, Cross-Border Transfers, Cybersecurity & Risk Management, Electronic Surveillance and Law Enforcement Access, European Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, GPDR, Financial Privacy, Middle East Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, Asia-Pacific Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, HIPAA/Health Information Privacy, Security & Breach Response, Human Resources Privacy, Privacy and Cyber Legislation, National Security & Digital Crimes, Privacy & Cyber Regulatory Enforcement, Ransomware, Dispute Resolution & Litigation, Alternative Dispute Resolution, Arbitration, Securities Litigation, Class Actions, International Arbitration, Commercial Litigation, Appellate & U.S. Supreme Court, M&A Litigation, Environmental Litigation, Employment Litigation & Counseling, Insurance Litigation, Intellectual Property Litigation, Trade Secrets Litigation, Construction Litigation, Energy Diputes and Litigation, ERISA & Employee Benefits Litigation, Bankruptcy Litigation, E-Discovery, Crisis Management, Trademark, Copyright & Media Litigation, Patent Litigation, Family Law Litigation, Enforcement Issues, Immigration Litigation, and Crisis Management, Bid Protest Litigation, Government Contracts Claims, Disputes, and Other Litigation, Labor & Employment, Discrimination & Retaliation, International Employment Compliance, Labor, Non-Competes & Restrictive Covenant Litigation, Wage & Hour Disputes, Whistleblower Counseling & Defense, Workplace Compliance & Investigations, Contractors, Staffing, and Contingent Workers, Handbooks & Policies, Human Resources Advice & Counsel, International Employment Law, Immigration, Permanent Residence, Business Visas, Labor Certification, Compliance and Auditing, Arts & Entertainment Immigration, EB-5 Program, Requests for Evidence (RFE), Consular Services, Executive Compensation & Employee Benefits, ERISA & Employee Benefits Counseling, Executive Compensation, Environment, Land Use & Natural Resources, Clean Air Act, Contaminated Sites & Remediation, Environmental Crisis Management, Water Regulation, Zoning, Family Law, Divorce, Annulment, Separation, Child Custody, Child Support, Cohabitation, Contested Adoption, Cross-Border & International Family Law, Reproductive Rights & Surrogacy, Parentage & Paternity, Prenuptial & Postnuptial Agreements, Family Law Post-Judgment Modification & Enforcement, Family Law Alternative Dispute Resolution & Mediation, Family Law Appellate, Torts and Insurance, Negligence and Malpractice, Personal Injury, Product Liability, Intellectual Property, Patents, Trade Secret Litigation, Intellectual Property Appellate, Standard Essential Patents, IP Chancery & Corporate Governance, Post-Grant Proceedings, Inter Partes Review, Post-Grant Review, Ex Parte Reexamination, Supplemental Examination, Patent Prosecution, Strategic Patent Counseling & Opinions, Patent Portfolio Management, Unitary Patent & Unified Patent Court, IP Licensing, IP and Tech Transactions & Agreements, Copyright and Trademark Strategic Counseling, Registration & Opinions, Advertising & Marketing, Domain Names & Internet, TTAB Oppositions & Cancellations, Digital Millennium Copyright Act, Copyright and Trademark Transactions & Agreements, Copyrights, Trademarks, Private Client, Charitable Giving, Private Client Tax, Trusts & Estates, Projects, Energy & Infrastructure, Project Finance, Facility Acquisitions and Dispositions, Project Development, Energy Regulatory, Electric Power & Utility Regulation, Liquids Pipeline Regulation, Natural Gas Regulation, Utility Rate Regulation, Oil, Gas & Electric Regulatory Transactions, Renewables Regulation, Real Estate, Commercial Property, Construction & Engineering, Real Estate Development, Real Estate Finance, Real Estate Borrower-side Financing and Restructuring, Real Estate Lender-side Financing and Restructuring, Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions, Real Estate Joint Ventures, Residential Property, Leasing, Corporate Real Estate, Co-op Boards, Real Estate Litigation, Zoning and Land Use, Title and Survey Review, Technology, Media & Telecommunications, Tax, Tax Controversy, State and Local Tax, Real Estate Tax, International Tax, Transactional Tax, Tax-Exempt Organizations, Bankruptcy & Restructuring, Creditor Representation, Debtor Reprentation, International Insolvency, Credit Opportunities, Out-of-Court Debt Restructurings and Workouts, Government Contracts, Government Contracts Accounting, Cost & Pricing, General Services Administration (GSA), Government Contracts Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), Grants, International Procurement, Suspension & Debarment, Government Contracts Transactions, Sectors and Issues, Healthcare & Life Sciences, Consumer Products, ESG, Shareholder Activism, European Union, China, Aerospace and Defense, Gaming, Climate Change, SPACs, Automotive, Digital Assets and Web3, Aviation, Russia/Ukraine, Transportation, Rail, Shipping, Outsourcing, Oil & Gas, Power, Renewables & Alternative Energy, Internet, Applications and Social Media, Open Source Software, Video Gaming & eSports, First Amendment, Hospitality, Resorts and Gaming, Media & Entertainment, Technology, Telecommunications, Sport, Maritime Litigation, Maritime Regulatory Compliance, Maritime Environmental, Maritime Finance, Maritime Transactions

Narrative Biography: Bryn Lewis is an associate in the Investment Funds Practice Group in the Salt Lake City office of Kirkland & Ellis LLP.
Listed Practice Areas: Investment Funds, Transactional
Representative Matters:

Return relevant practice specialties from a master list based on an attorney profile.

Antitrust Compliance Counseling and Training

Real Estate Due Diligence and Transactional Advisory

Regulatory Compliance Counseling, Investigations, and Defense

Antitrust Counseling and Merger Investigations

Securities and Futures Compliance and Enforcement

International Trade and National Security

Foreign Investment and National Security Reviews, CFIUS Filings

International Protection of Intellectual Property Rights

Anti-Dumping, Countervailing Duty, and Safeguard Proceedings

International Trade and Investment Negotiations and Disputes

International Trade and Investment Policy

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan)

Economic Sanctions, Embargoes and FCPA Compliance

Cybersecurity, Privacy and Data Protection

California Privacy and the California Consumer Privacy Act

Electronic Surveillance and Law Enforcement Access

European Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, GPDR

Middle East Data Privacy and Cybersecurity

Asia-Pacific Data Privacy and Cybersecurity

HIPAA/Health Information Privacy, Security & Breach Response

Enforcement Issues, Immigration Litigation, and Crisis Management

Government Contracts Claims, Disputes, and Other Litigation

Non-Competes & Restrictive Covenant Litigation

Contractors, Staffing, and Contingent Workers

Executive Compensation & Employee Benefits

Environment, Land Use & Natural Resources

Family Law Post-Judgment Modification & Enforcement

Family Law Alternative Dispute Resolution & Mediation

Copyright and Trademark Strategic Counseling, Registration & Opinions

Copyright and Trademark Transactions & Agreements

Oil, Gas & Electric Regulatory Transactions

Real Estate Borrower-side Financing and Restructuring

Real Estate Lender-side Financing and Restructuring

Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions

Out-of-Court Debt Restructurings and Workouts

Government Contracts Accounting, Cost & Pricing

Government Contracts Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)


[System] You are a legal domain expert classifying attorney practice specialties. Always return your output via the function call provided. Do not ask for clarification or additional information. If information is missing, rely only on available inputs and return the most appropriate result.

[User]
You are given three components of an attorney's profile:

- Narrative Biography: A written overview of the attorney’s background and focus.
- Listed Practice Areas: Official practice areas assigned by the firm.
- Representative Matters: Bullet-point examples of the attorney’s real-world legal work.

Your Task:
Select the most accurate practice specialties from the master list below, based on the attorney’s actual experience. You may select multiple, but only if each is clearly supported by the narrative or matters. Only return specialty names exactly as they appear in the master list. Do not rephrase or invent new ones.

Selection Rules:
- Prioritize Representative Matters as your main evidence. If they are missing, ely only on the narrative biography or listed practice areas.
- Use the Narrative Biography secondarily.
- Listed Practice Areas should only confirm choices—not determine them.
- Prefer specific specialties (e.g., “Private Equity Transactions” over “Corporate”).
- Exclude specialties based solely on vague or ambiguous language.
- Exclude pro bono-only work.
- Do not include industries unless clearly relevant.
- Output only a plain list of specialty names—no formatting, bullets, or commentary.

Master List of Practice Specialties:Antitrust & Competition, Cartels, EU & Competition, State Aid, Antitrust Compliance Counseling and Training, Antitrust Litigation, Merger Investigations and Clearance, Banking & Finance, Acquisition & Leveraged Finance, Asset Finance, Aviation Finance, Rail Finance, Shipping Finance, Financial Regulation, Islamic Finance, Fintech, Distressed Debt, Mezzanine Finance, Fund Finance, Syndicated Finance, Loan Workouts and Restructurings, Capital Markets, Debt Capital Markets, IPOs and Direct Listings, Equity Capital Markets, Derivatives, High Yield, Structured Finance and Securitization, Corporate, Commercial Contracts, Corporate Governance, Emerging Companies & Venture Capital, Investment Funds and Asset Management, Hedge Funds, Private Equity Funds, Credit and Debt Funds, Venture Capital Funds, Distressed Asset Funds, Leveraged Buyout Funds, Real Estate Funds, Joint Ventures, Mergers & Acquisitions, Private Equity Transactions, Real Estate Due Diligence and Transactional Advisory, Regulatory Compliance Counseling, Investigations, and Defense, Government Investigations, Antitrust Counseling and Merger Investigations, Internal Investigations, Congressional Investigations, International Risk & Investigations, Anti-Bribery and Corruption, White Collar Defense, Securities and Futures Compliance and Enforcement, FDA Regulatory, Environmental Enforcement Defense, Healthcare and Life Sciences Regulatory, Insurance Regulatory, Consumer Protection and FTC, False Claims Act, International Trade and National Security, International Trade, Foreign Investment and National Security Reviews, CFIUS Filings, ITC Section 337 Proceedings, Export Controls, International Protection of Intellectual Property Rights, Anti-Dumping, Countervailing Duty, and Safeguard Proceedings, International Trade and Investment Negotiations and Disputes, WTO, NAFTA, Bilateral Investment Treaties, Free Trade Agreements, International Trade and Investment Policy, Ministry of Commerce (China), Directorate-General for Trade (EU), Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan), United States Trade Representative, International Commercial Arbitration, Customs Enforcement and Rultings, Supply Chain Security Issues, Economic Sanctions, Embargoes and FCPA Compliance, Anti-Boycott Regulations, Corporate Espionage, Cybersecurity, Privacy and Data Protection, California Privacy and the California Consumer Privacy Act, Cross-Border Transfers, Cybersecurity & Risk Management, Electronic Surveillance and Law Enforcement Access, European Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, GPDR, Financial Privacy, Middle East Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, Asia-Pacific Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, HIPAA/Health Information Privacy, Security & Breach Response, Human Resources Privacy, Privacy and Cyber Legislation, National Security & Digital Crimes, Privacy & Cyber Regulatory Enforcement, Ransomware, Dispute Resolution & Litigation, Alternative Dispute Resolution, Arbitration, Securities Litigation, Class Actions, International Arbitration, Commercial Litigation, Appellate & U.S. Supreme Court, M&A Litigation, Environmental Litigation, Employment Litigation & Counseling, Insurance Litigation, Intellectual Property Litigation, Trade Secrets Litigation, Construction Litigation, Energy Diputes and Litigation, ERISA & Employee Benefits Litigation, Bankruptcy Litigation, E-Discovery, Crisis Management, Trademark, Copyright & Media Litigation, Patent Litigation, Family Law Litigation, Enforcement Issues, Immigration Litigation, and Crisis Management, Bid Protest Litigation, Government Contracts Claims, Disputes, and Other Litigation, Labor & Employment, Discrimination & Retaliation, International Employment Compliance, Labor, Non-Competes & Restrictive Covenant Litigation, Wage & Hour Disputes, Whistleblower Counseling & Defense, Workplace Compliance & Investigations, Contractors, Staffing, and Contingent Workers, Handbooks & Policies, Human Resources Advice & Counsel, International Employment Law, Immigration, Permanent Residence, Business Visas, Labor Certification, Compliance and Auditing, Arts & Entertainment Immigration, EB-5 Program, Requests for Evidence (RFE), Consular Services, Executive Compensation & Employee Benefits, ERISA & Employee Benefits Counseling, Executive Compensation, Environment, Land Use & Natural Resources, Clean Air Act, Contaminated Sites & Remediation, Environmental Crisis Management, Water Regulation, Zoning, Family Law, Divorce, Annulment, Separation, Child Custody, Child Support, Cohabitation, Contested Adoption, Cross-Border & International Family Law, Reproductive Rights & Surrogacy, Parentage & Paternity, Prenuptial & Postnuptial Agreements, Family Law Post-Judgment Modification & Enforcement, Family Law Alternative Dispute Resolution & Mediation, Family Law Appellate, Torts and Insurance, Negligence and Malpractice, Personal Injury, Product Liability, Intellectual Property, Patents, Trade Secret Litigation, Intellectual Property Appellate, Standard Essential Patents, IP Chancery & Corporate Governance, Post-Grant Proceedings, Inter Partes Review, Post-Grant Review, Ex Parte Reexamination, Supplemental Examination, Patent Prosecution, Strategic Patent Counseling & Opinions, Patent Portfolio Management, Unitary Patent & Unified Patent Court, IP Licensing, IP and Tech Transactions & Agreements, Copyright and Trademark Strategic Counseling, Registration & Opinions, Advertising & Marketing, Domain Names & Internet, TTAB Oppositions & Cancellations, Digital Millennium Copyright Act, Copyright and Trademark Transactions & Agreements, Copyrights, Trademarks, Private Client, Charitable Giving, Private Client Tax, Trusts & Estates, Projects, Energy & Infrastructure, Project Finance, Facility Acquisitions and Dispositions, Project Development, Energy Regulatory, Electric Power & Utility Regulation, Liquids Pipeline Regulation, Natural Gas Regulation, Utility Rate Regulation, Oil, Gas & Electric Regulatory Transactions, Renewables Regulation, Real Estate, Commercial Property, Construction & Engineering, Real Estate Development, Real Estate Finance, Real Estate Borrower-side Financing and Restructuring, Real Estate Lender-side Financing and Restructuring, Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions, Real Estate Joint Ventures, Residential Property, Leasing, Corporate Real Estate, Co-op Boards, Real Estate Litigation, Zoning and Land Use, Title and Survey Review, Technology, Media & Telecommunications, Tax, Tax Controversy, State and Local Tax, Real Estate Tax, International Tax, Transactional Tax, Tax-Exempt Organizations, Bankruptcy & Restructuring, Creditor Representation, Debtor Reprentation, International Insolvency, Credit Opportunities, Out-of-Court Debt Restructurings and Workouts, Government Contracts, Government Contracts Accounting, Cost & Pricing, General Services Administration (GSA), Government Contracts Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), Grants, International Procurement, Suspension & Debarment, Government Contracts Transactions, Sectors and Issues, Healthcare & Life Sciences, Consumer Products, ESG, Shareholder Activism, European Union, China, Aerospace and Defense, Gaming, Climate Change, SPACs, Automotive, Digital Assets and Web3, Aviation, Russia/Ukraine, Transportation, Rail, Shipping, Outsourcing, Oil & Gas, Power, Renewables & Alternative Energy, Internet, Applications and Social Media, Open Source Software, Video Gaming & eSports, First Amendment, Hospitality, Resorts and Gaming, Media & Entertainment, Technology, Telecommunications, Sport, Maritime Litigation, Maritime Regulatory Compliance, Maritime Environmental, Maritime Finance, Maritime Transactions

Narrative Biography: Ronak Kalhor-Witzel is Counsel at Norton Rose Fulbright and leads the firm’s European patent prosecution practice. With over 18 years of experience in intellectual property law, she advises deep-tech companies on building, defending, and strategically leveraging their IP portfolios – from first filings to cross-border disputes. Her technical focus includes semiconductors, quantum technologies, medical devices, automotive systems, and life sciences. As a physicist, she combines scientific depth with commercial insight to help clients transform innovation into enforceable, business-aligned IP assets. Ronak develops and executes complex, multi-jurisdictional litigation strategies, including EPO oppositions, nullity actions, infringement proceedings, and UPC readiness. She provides validity, non-infringement, and freedom-to-operate opinions to support enforcement and risk management. Beyond prosecution and litigation, she advises on IP roadmaps, competitive intelligence, and IP due diligence – often in the context of M&A, licensing, and market entry. Her approach is business-driven, focused on portfolio resilience and strategic alignment with commercial objectives. As an examiner on the German Patent Attorneys Examination Board and mentor in professional networks, Ronak actively contributes to shaping the next generation of IP professionals. She has been recognized by IP Stars as a Notable Practitioner and regularly publishes and speaks on IP and technology topics – both in industry media and at professional events. Ronak is committed to delivering high-impact IP strategies and building long-term client relationships. She is your point of contact for strategic IP support in Europe and for patent protection of emerging technologies.
Listed Practice Areas: Intellectual property, Patents, Trade secrets, Trademarks and brands, IP enforcement, IP strategy and governance, Litigation and disputes, Technology transactions, Artificial intelligence (AI)
Representative Matters:

Antitrust Compliance Counseling and Training

Real Estate Due Diligence and Transactional Advisory

Regulatory Compliance Counseling, Investigations, and Defense

Antitrust Counseling and Merger Investigations

Securities and Futures Compliance and Enforcement

International Trade and National Security

Foreign Investment and National Security Reviews, CFIUS Filings

International Protection of Intellectual Property Rights

Anti-Dumping, Countervailing Duty, and Safeguard Proceedings

International Trade and Investment Negotiations and Disputes

International Trade and Investment Policy

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan)

Economic Sanctions, Embargoes and FCPA Compliance

Cybersecurity, Privacy and Data Protection

California Privacy and the California Consumer Privacy Act

Electronic Surveillance and Law Enforcement Access

European Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, GPDR

Middle East Data Privacy and Cybersecurity

Asia-Pacific Data Privacy and Cybersecurity

HIPAA/Health Information Privacy, Security & Breach Response

Enforcement Issues, Immigration Litigation, and Crisis Management

Government Contracts Claims, Disputes, and Other Litigation

Non-Competes & Restrictive Covenant Litigation

Contractors, Staffing, and Contingent Workers

Executive Compensation & Employee Benefits

Environment, Land Use & Natural Resources

Family Law Post-Judgment Modification & Enforcement

Family Law Alternative Dispute Resolution & Mediation

Copyright and Trademark Strategic Counseling, Registration & Opinions

Copyright and Trademark Transactions & Agreements

Oil, Gas & Electric Regulatory Transactions

Real Estate Borrower-side Financing and Restructuring

Real Estate Lender-side Financing and Restructuring

Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions

Out-of-Court Debt Restructurings and Workouts

Government Contracts Accounting, Cost & Pricing

Government Contracts Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)


[System] You are a legal domain expert classifying attorney practice specialties. Always return your output via the function call provided. Do not ask for clarification or additional information. If information is missing, rely only on available inputs and return the most appropriate result.

[User]
You are given three components of an attorney's profile:

- Narrative Biography: A written overview of the attorney’s background and focus.
- Listed Practice Areas: Official practice areas assigned by the firm.
- Representative Matters: Bullet-point examples of the attorney’s real-world legal work.

Your Task:
Select the most accurate practice specialties from the master list below, based on the attorney’s actual experience. You may select multiple, but only if each is clearly supported by the narrative or matters. Only return specialty names exactly as they appear in the master list. Do not rephrase or invent new ones.

Selection Rules:
- Prioritize Representative Matters as your main evidence. If they are missing, ely only on the narrative biography or listed practice areas.
- Use the Narrative Biography secondarily.
- Listed Practice Areas should only confirm choices—not determine them.
- Prefer specific specialties (e.g., “Private Equity Transactions” over “Corporate”).
- Exclude specialties based solely on vague or ambiguous language.
- Exclude pro bono-only work.
- Do not include industries unless clearly relevant.
- Output only a plain list of specialty names—no formatting, bullets, or commentary.

Master List of Practice Specialties:Antitrust & Competition, Cartels, EU & Competition, State Aid, Antitrust Compliance Counseling and Training, Antitrust Litigation, Merger Investigations and Clearance, Banking & Finance, Acquisition & Leveraged Finance, Asset Finance, Aviation Finance, Rail Finance, Shipping Finance, Financial Regulation, Islamic Finance, Fintech, Distressed Debt, Mezzanine Finance, Fund Finance, Syndicated Finance, Loan Workouts and Restructurings, Capital Markets, Debt Capital Markets, IPOs and Direct Listings, Equity Capital Markets, Derivatives, High Yield, Structured Finance and Securitization, Corporate, Commercial Contracts, Corporate Governance, Emerging Companies & Venture Capital, Investment Funds and Asset Management, Hedge Funds, Private Equity Funds, Credit and Debt Funds, Venture Capital Funds, Distressed Asset Funds, Leveraged Buyout Funds, Real Estate Funds, Joint Ventures, Mergers & Acquisitions, Private Equity Transactions, Real Estate Due Diligence and Transactional Advisory, Regulatory Compliance Counseling, Investigations, and Defense, Government Investigations, Antitrust Counseling and Merger Investigations, Internal Investigations, Congressional Investigations, International Risk & Investigations, Anti-Bribery and Corruption, White Collar Defense, Securities and Futures Compliance and Enforcement, FDA Regulatory, Environmental Enforcement Defense, Healthcare and Life Sciences Regulatory, Insurance Regulatory, Consumer Protection and FTC, False Claims Act, International Trade and National Security, International Trade, Foreign Investment and National Security Reviews, CFIUS Filings, ITC Section 337 Proceedings, Export Controls, International Protection of Intellectual Property Rights, Anti-Dumping, Countervailing Duty, and Safeguard Proceedings, International Trade and Investment Negotiations and Disputes, WTO, NAFTA, Bilateral Investment Treaties, Free Trade Agreements, International Trade and Investment Policy, Ministry of Commerce (China), Directorate-General for Trade (EU), Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan), United States Trade Representative, International Commercial Arbitration, Customs Enforcement and Rultings, Supply Chain Security Issues, Economic Sanctions, Embargoes and FCPA Compliance, Anti-Boycott Regulations, Corporate Espionage, Cybersecurity, Privacy and Data Protection, California Privacy and the California Consumer Privacy Act, Cross-Border Transfers, Cybersecurity & Risk Management, Electronic Surveillance and Law Enforcement Access, European Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, GPDR, Financial Privacy, Middle East Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, Asia-Pacific Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, HIPAA/Health Information Privacy, Security & Breach Response, Human Resources Privacy, Privacy and Cyber Legislation, National Security & Digital Crimes, Privacy & Cyber Regulatory Enforcement, Ransomware, Dispute Resolution & Litigation, Alternative Dispute Resolution, Arbitration, Securities Litigation, Class Actions, International Arbitration, Commercial Litigation, Appellate & U.S. Supreme Court, M&A Litigation, Environmental Litigation, Employment Litigation & Counseling, Insurance Litigation, Intellectual Property Litigation, Trade Secrets Litigation, Construction Litigation, Energy Diputes and Litigation, ERISA & Employee Benefits Litigation, Bankruptcy Litigation, E-Discovery, Crisis Management, Trademark, Copyright & Media Litigation, Patent Litigation, Family Law Litigation, Enforcement Issues, Immigration Litigation, and Crisis Management, Bid Protest Litigation, Government Contracts Claims, Disputes, and Other Litigation, Labor & Employment, Discrimination & Retaliation, International Employment Compliance, Labor, Non-Competes & Restrictive Covenant Litigation, Wage & Hour Disputes, Whistleblower Counseling & Defense, Workplace Compliance & Investigations, Contractors, Staffing, and Contingent Workers, Handbooks & Policies, Human Resources Advice & Counsel, International Employment Law, Immigration, Permanent Residence, Business Visas, Labor Certification, Compliance and Auditing, Arts & Entertainment Immigration, EB-5 Program, Requests for Evidence (RFE), Consular Services, Executive Compensation & Employee Benefits, ERISA & Employee Benefits Counseling, Executive Compensation, Environment, Land Use & Natural Resources, Clean Air Act, Contaminated Sites & Remediation, Environmental Crisis Management, Water Regulation, Zoning, Family Law, Divorce, Annulment, Separation, Child Custody, Child Support, Cohabitation, Contested Adoption, Cross-Border & International Family Law, Reproductive Rights & Surrogacy, Parentage & Paternity, Prenuptial & Postnuptial Agreements, Family Law Post-Judgment Modification & Enforcement, Family Law Alternative Dispute Resolution & Mediation, Family Law Appellate, Torts and Insurance, Negligence and Malpractice, Personal Injury, Product Liability, Intellectual Property, Patents, Trade Secret Litigation, Intellectual Property Appellate, Standard Essential Patents, IP Chancery & Corporate Governance, Post-Grant Proceedings, Inter Partes Review, Post-Grant Review, Ex Parte Reexamination, Supplemental Examination, Patent Prosecution, Strategic Patent Counseling & Opinions, Patent Portfolio Management, Unitary Patent & Unified Patent Court, IP Licensing, IP and Tech Transactions & Agreements, Copyright and Trademark Strategic Counseling, Registration & Opinions, Advertising & Marketing, Domain Names & Internet, TTAB Oppositions & Cancellations, Digital Millennium Copyright Act, Copyright and Trademark Transactions & Agreements, Copyrights, Trademarks, Private Client, Charitable Giving, Private Client Tax, Trusts & Estates, Projects, Energy & Infrastructure, Project Finance, Facility Acquisitions and Dispositions, Project Development, Energy Regulatory, Electric Power & Utility Regulation, Liquids Pipeline Regulation, Natural Gas Regulation, Utility Rate Regulation, Oil, Gas & Electric Regulatory Transactions, Renewables Regulation, Real Estate, Commercial Property, Construction & Engineering, Real Estate Development, Real Estate Finance, Real Estate Borrower-side Financing and Restructuring, Real Estate Lender-side Financing and Restructuring, Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions, Real Estate Joint Ventures, Residential Property, Leasing, Corporate Real Estate, Co-op Boards, Real Estate Litigation, Zoning and Land Use, Title and Survey Review, Technology, Media & Telecommunications, Tax, Tax Controversy, State and Local Tax, Real Estate Tax, International Tax, Transactional Tax, Tax-Exempt Organizations, Bankruptcy & Restructuring, Creditor Representation, Debtor Reprentation, International Insolvency, Credit Opportunities, Out-of-Court Debt Restructurings and Workouts, Government Contracts, Government Contracts Accounting, Cost & Pricing, General Services Administration (GSA), Government Contracts Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), Grants, International Procurement, Suspension & Debarment, Government Contracts Transactions, Sectors and Issues, Healthcare & Life Sciences, Consumer Products, ESG, Shareholder Activism, European Union, China, Aerospace and Defense, Gaming, Climate Change, SPACs, Automotive, Digital Assets and Web3, Aviation, Russia/Ukraine, Transportation, Rail, Shipping, Outsourcing, Oil & Gas, Power, Renewables & Alternative Energy, Internet, Applications and Social Media, Open Source Software, Video Gaming & eSports, First Amendment, Hospitality, Resorts and Gaming, Media & Entertainment, Technology, Telecommunications, Sport, Maritime Litigation, Maritime Regulatory Compliance, Maritime Environmental, Maritime Finance, Maritime Transactions

Narrative Biography: Maureen H. Cook handles aspects of trust and estate matters, including probate, trust administration, and probate litigation. Her experience encompasses creating simple and complex wills and trusts, financial power of attorney documents, and advanced medical directives. Prior to pursuing a career as an attorney, Maureen built significant experience as a business manager, which informs her unique ability to understand the needs of individuals, families and companies, and organizations of all sizes. Maureen completed her undergraduate studies in business administration at Creighton University and later earned her Juris Doctor from Washburn University in Topeka, Kansas.
Listed Practice Areas: Tax, Trusts, & Estates, Multi-Family Housing
Representative Matters:

Antitrust Compliance Counseling and Training

Real Estate Due Diligence and Transactional Advisory

Regulatory Compliance Counseling, Investigations, and Defense

Antitrust Counseling and Merger Investigations

Securities and Futures Compliance and Enforcement

International Trade and National Security

Foreign Investment and National Security Reviews, CFIUS Filings

International Protection of Intellectual Property Rights

Anti-Dumping, Countervailing Duty, and Safeguard Proceedings

International Trade and Investment Negotiations and Disputes

International Trade and Investment Policy

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan)

Economic Sanctions, Embargoes and FCPA Compliance

Cybersecurity, Privacy and Data Protection

California Privacy and the California Consumer Privacy Act

Electronic Surveillance and Law Enforcement Access

European Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, GPDR

Middle East Data Privacy and Cybersecurity

Asia-Pacific Data Privacy and Cybersecurity

HIPAA/Health Information Privacy, Security & Breach Response

Enforcement Issues, Immigration Litigation, and Crisis Management

Government Contracts Claims, Disputes, and Other Litigation

Non-Competes & Restrictive Covenant Litigation

Contractors, Staffing, and Contingent Workers

Executive Compensation & Employee Benefits

Environment, Land Use & Natural Resources

Family Law Post-Judgment Modification & Enforcement

Family Law Alternative Dispute Resolution & Mediation

Copyright and Trademark Strategic Counseling, Registration & Opinions

Copyright and Trademark Transactions & Agreements

Oil, Gas & Electric Regulatory Transactions

Real Estate Borrower-side Financing and Restructuring

Real Estate Lender-side Financing and Restructuring

Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions

Out-of-Court Debt Restructurings and Workouts

Government Contracts Accounting, Cost & Pricing

Government Contracts Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)


[System] You are a legal domain expert classifying attorney practice specialties. Always return your output via the function call provided. Do not ask for clarification or additional information. If information is missing, rely only on available inputs and return the most appropriate result.

[User]
You are given three components of an attorney's profile:

- Narrative Biography: A written overview of the attorney’s background and focus.
- Listed Practice Areas: Official practice areas assigned by the firm.
- Representative Matters: Bullet-point examples of the attorney’s real-world legal work.

Your Task:
Select the most accurate practice specialties from the master list below, based on the attorney’s actual experience. You may select multiple, but only if each is clearly supported by the narrative or matters. Only return specialty names exactly as they appear in the master list. Do not rephrase or invent new ones.

Selection Rules:
- Prioritize Representative Matters as your main evidence. If they are missing, ely only on the narrative biography or listed practice areas.
- Use the Narrative Biography secondarily.
- Listed Practice Areas should only confirm choices—not determine them.
- Prefer specific specialties (e.g., “Private Equity Transactions” over “Corporate”).
- Exclude specialties based solely on vague or ambiguous language.
- Exclude pro bono-only work.
- Do not include industries unless clearly relevant.
- Output only a plain list of specialty names—no formatting, bullets, or commentary.

Master List of Practice Specialties:Antitrust & Competition, Cartels, EU & Competition, State Aid, Antitrust Compliance Counseling and Training, Antitrust Litigation, Merger Investigations and Clearance, Banking & Finance, Acquisition & Leveraged Finance, Asset Finance, Aviation Finance, Rail Finance, Shipping Finance, Financial Regulation, Islamic Finance, Fintech, Distressed Debt, Mezzanine Finance, Fund Finance, Syndicated Finance, Loan Workouts and Restructurings, Capital Markets, Debt Capital Markets, IPOs and Direct Listings, Equity Capital Markets, Derivatives, High Yield, Structured Finance and Securitization, Corporate, Commercial Contracts, Corporate Governance, Emerging Companies & Venture Capital, Investment Funds and Asset Management, Hedge Funds, Private Equity Funds, Credit and Debt Funds, Venture Capital Funds, Distressed Asset Funds, Leveraged Buyout Funds, Real Estate Funds, Joint Ventures, Mergers & Acquisitions, Private Equity Transactions, Real Estate Due Diligence and Transactional Advisory, Regulatory Compliance Counseling, Investigations, and Defense, Government Investigations, Antitrust Counseling and Merger Investigations, Internal Investigations, Congressional Investigations, International Risk & Investigations, Anti-Bribery and Corruption, White Collar Defense, Securities and Futures Compliance and Enforcement, FDA Regulatory, Environmental Enforcement Defense, Healthcare and Life Sciences Regulatory, Insurance Regulatory, Consumer Protection and FTC, False Claims Act, International Trade and National Security, International Trade, Foreign Investment and National Security Reviews, CFIUS Filings, ITC Section 337 Proceedings, Export Controls, International Protection of Intellectual Property Rights, Anti-Dumping, Countervailing Duty, and Safeguard Proceedings, International Trade and Investment Negotiations and Disputes, WTO, NAFTA, Bilateral Investment Treaties, Free Trade Agreements, International Trade and Investment Policy, Ministry of Commerce (China), Directorate-General for Trade (EU), Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan), United States Trade Representative, International Commercial Arbitration, Customs Enforcement and Rultings, Supply Chain Security Issues, Economic Sanctions, Embargoes and FCPA Compliance, Anti-Boycott Regulations, Corporate Espionage, Cybersecurity, Privacy and Data Protection, California Privacy and the California Consumer Privacy Act, Cross-Border Transfers, Cybersecurity & Risk Management, Electronic Surveillance and Law Enforcement Access, European Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, GPDR, Financial Privacy, Middle East Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, Asia-Pacific Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, HIPAA/Health Information Privacy, Security & Breach Response, Human Resources Privacy, Privacy and Cyber Legislation, National Security & Digital Crimes, Privacy & Cyber Regulatory Enforcement, Ransomware, Dispute Resolution & Litigation, Alternative Dispute Resolution, Arbitration, Securities Litigation, Class Actions, International Arbitration, Commercial Litigation, Appellate & U.S. Supreme Court, M&A Litigation, Environmental Litigation, Employment Litigation & Counseling, Insurance Litigation, Intellectual Property Litigation, Trade Secrets Litigation, Construction Litigation, Energy Diputes and Litigation, ERISA & Employee Benefits Litigation, Bankruptcy Litigation, E-Discovery, Crisis Management, Trademark, Copyright & Media Litigation, Patent Litigation, Family Law Litigation, Enforcement Issues, Immigration Litigation, and Crisis Management, Bid Protest Litigation, Government Contracts Claims, Disputes, and Other Litigation, Labor & Employment, Discrimination & Retaliation, International Employment Compliance, Labor, Non-Competes & Restrictive Covenant Litigation, Wage & Hour Disputes, Whistleblower Counseling & Defense, Workplace Compliance & Investigations, Contractors, Staffing, and Contingent Workers, Handbooks & Policies, Human Resources Advice & Counsel, International Employment Law, Immigration, Permanent Residence, Business Visas, Labor Certification, Compliance and Auditing, Arts & Entertainment Immigration, EB-5 Program, Requests for Evidence (RFE), Consular Services, Executive Compensation & Employee Benefits, ERISA & Employee Benefits Counseling, Executive Compensation, Environment, Land Use & Natural Resources, Clean Air Act, Contaminated Sites & Remediation, Environmental Crisis Management, Water Regulation, Zoning, Family Law, Divorce, Annulment, Separation, Child Custody, Child Support, Cohabitation, Contested Adoption, Cross-Border & International Family Law, Reproductive Rights & Surrogacy, Parentage & Paternity, Prenuptial & Postnuptial Agreements, Family Law Post-Judgment Modification & Enforcement, Family Law Alternative Dispute Resolution & Mediation, Family Law Appellate, Torts and Insurance, Negligence and Malpractice, Personal Injury, Product Liability, Intellectual Property, Patents, Trade Secret Litigation, Intellectual Property Appellate, Standard Essential Patents, IP Chancery & Corporate Governance, Post-Grant Proceedings, Inter Partes Review, Post-Grant Review, Ex Parte Reexamination, Supplemental Examination, Patent Prosecution, Strategic Patent Counseling & Opinions, Patent Portfolio Management, Unitary Patent & Unified Patent Court, IP Licensing, IP and Tech Transactions & Agreements, Copyright and Trademark Strategic Counseling, Registration & Opinions, Advertising & Marketing, Domain Names & Internet, TTAB Oppositions & Cancellations, Digital Millennium Copyright Act, Copyright and Trademark Transactions & Agreements, Copyrights, Trademarks, Private Client, Charitable Giving, Private Client Tax, Trusts & Estates, Projects, Energy & Infrastructure, Project Finance, Facility Acquisitions and Dispositions, Project Development, Energy Regulatory, Electric Power & Utility Regulation, Liquids Pipeline Regulation, Natural Gas Regulation, Utility Rate Regulation, Oil, Gas & Electric Regulatory Transactions, Renewables Regulation, Real Estate, Commercial Property, Construction & Engineering, Real Estate Development, Real Estate Finance, Real Estate Borrower-side Financing and Restructuring, Real Estate Lender-side Financing and Restructuring, Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions, Real Estate Joint Ventures, Residential Property, Leasing, Corporate Real Estate, Co-op Boards, Real Estate Litigation, Zoning and Land Use, Title and Survey Review, Technology, Media & Telecommunications, Tax, Tax Controversy, State and Local Tax, Real Estate Tax, International Tax, Transactional Tax, Tax-Exempt Organizations, Bankruptcy & Restructuring, Creditor Representation, Debtor Reprentation, International Insolvency, Credit Opportunities, Out-of-Court Debt Restructurings and Workouts, Government Contracts, Government Contracts Accounting, Cost & Pricing, General Services Administration (GSA), Government Contracts Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), Grants, International Procurement, Suspension & Debarment, Government Contracts Transactions, Sectors and Issues, Healthcare & Life Sciences, Consumer Products, ESG, Shareholder Activism, European Union, China, Aerospace and Defense, Gaming, Climate Change, SPACs, Automotive, Digital Assets and Web3, Aviation, Russia/Ukraine, Transportation, Rail, Shipping, Outsourcing, Oil & Gas, Power, Renewables & Alternative Energy, Internet, Applications and Social Media, Open Source Software, Video Gaming & eSports, First Amendment, Hospitality, Resorts and Gaming, Media & Entertainment, Technology, Telecommunications, Sport, Maritime Litigation, Maritime Regulatory Compliance, Maritime Environmental, Maritime Finance, Maritime Transactions

Narrative Biography: Sophie Polisena is an asset finance lawyer based in Singapore, focusing primarily on the shipping and offshore oil and gas sectors, with experience in aviation transactions also. Sophie was named as a "Rising Star" in Asset Finance in the 2022 Legal 500 Asia Pacific guide. Sophie has a broad range of experience acting for international shipping and project financing banks, owners, operators and other financial institutions in syndicated and bilateral debt facilities, debt restructuring and ship sale and purchase transactions. She has extensive experience with the Chinese sale and leaseback market and advising Korean shipping companies and lenders, and is also very familiar working with the Singapore, Marshall Islands and Liberian ship registries. In the past two years, Sophie has become a lead Associate in relation to our work in respect of LIBOR cessation. She has advised multiple banks and syndicates of lenders in relation to various aspects of LIBOR cessation as well as completing client-facing knowledge-related tasks, including being filmed for the LIBOR Transition Asia video series that the firm recorded. Sophie is a non-practising Barrister, and was called to the Bar of England and Wales in 2013.
Listed Practice Areas: Asset finance, Shipping, Oil and gas
Representative Matters: Counsel for a syndicate of 7 lenders on a US$720,000,000 conventional and Islamic financing for a subsidiary of Yinson in relation to the conversion of an FPSO, to operate offshore Brazil.Counsel for the owner on financing and call option arrangements for an FPSO, to be chartered to Enauta Energia S.A. and operated by a subsidiary of Yinson offshore Brazil. The project has an estimated aggregate value of US$505m, with an increase to US$1.98bn (including a five-year extension) should Yinson exercise the call option.Counsel for a syndicate of 12 lenders on a US$1.5 billion bridge loan, backed by a corporate guarantee, in relation to the conversion of an FPSO.Counsel for a syndicate of 12 lenders in relation to the US$800,000,000 project financing for Yinson Production (West Africa) Pte. Ltd. (a subsidiary of Yinson Holdings Berhad) of the FPSO John Agyekum Kufuor. The FPSO is on charter to ENI and operating offshore Ghana.Counsel for existing lenders in relation to the refinancing of facilities relating to the FPSO "FPF-003" and the MOPU "West Desaru" for subsidiaries of Petrofac and Petrofirst (a subsidiary of Blackrock).Counsel to ING in a US$65,000,000 refinancing of a Marshall Islands flagged FPSO operating in Vietnam, owned by Armada TGT Ltd (a subsidiary of Bumi Armada Berhad).Counsel to a syndicate of 7 lenders in respect of six (6) separate project financings to MISC, to finance six (6) VLECs to be chartered to Satellite (ongoing).Counsel to various syndicates of lenders in respect of four (4) separate project financings to AET, to finance five (5) tankers to be chartered to Shell and Total.Counsel to a syndicate of lenders in respect of a US$465,000,000 financing of three (3) newbuild LNG carriers to be owned by COSCO Shipping and chartered to Petrochina (ongoing).Counsel for a syndicate of lenders in relation to a $300,000,000 post-delivery Chinese sale and leaseback financing for two vessels ultimately owned by ICBCLCounsel in relation to the project financing of one (4) dual fuel, dynamic positioning shuttle tankers for AET to be chartered by Shell.Counsel for a syndicate of lenders in relation to the project financing of four (4) dual fuel, dynamic positioning shuttle tankers for AET to be chartered by Petrobras.Counsel for a syndicate of lenders in relation to the project financing of two (2) dual fuel, dynamic positioning shuttle tankers for AET to be chartered by Equinor.Counsel for a syndicate of lenders in relation to the project financing of two (2) dual fuel, dynamic positioning shuttle tankers for AET to be chartered by Petrobras.Counsel in a US$460,000,000 refinancing of fourteen vessels owned by various subsidiaries of BW LPG Holding Limited by a syndicate of eight lenders.Counsel to Heytesbury Singapore Pte. Ltd. in relation to the sale and leaseback of m.v. "Ocean Swagman" from Wellard Ships Pte. Ltd.Counsel for a syndicate lenders on pre-delivery and post-delivery financing to ICBC Financial Leasing of four Kamsarmax newbuildings, such vessels to be subject to a sale & leaseback arrangement between a joint venture partnership including ICBC Financial Leasing and Shandong Shipping Corporation and involving a complex arrangement whereby the credit risk was mitigated through a unique combination of remarketing and standby chartering arrangements between Shandong Shipping Corporation and ICBC Financial Leasing.Borrower's counsel for a financing used to acquire a private super yacht.Counsel for Fortune Lianjiang Shipping on the US$1.2 billion delivery of "Hilli Episeyo", the world's first converted floating LNG production vessel.Counsel for a syndicate of lenders in respect of a US$250,000,000 senior loan to a Korean shipowner for the financing of five new build crude oil tankers, chartered to Hyundai Merchant Marine, backed by a K-Sure (a Korean government entity) insurance policy.Counsel for a syndicate of lenders in respect of a loan of US$111,300,000 to SK Shipping, a Korean shipowner, for the financing of two new build very large ore carriers, with subsequent twenty-five year contracts of affreightment with Vale, the Brazilian multinational engaged in metals and mining.Counsel in respect of two senior credit facilities totalling US$54,000,000, backed by two junior credit facilities totalling US$22,000,000, to finance the purchase of two pure car and truck carriers. The deal was structured as a Japanese Operating Lease with Call Option (JOLCO) and arranged by Mizuho Securities Co., Ltd. Such a JOLCO structure remains relatively uncommon for shipping companies generally.Counsel in respect of a loan of US$114,000,000 to Sinokor, a Korean shipping company, to finance the purchase of twenty four vessels. Have since worked on the delivery of all.Advising Philippine Airlines, Inc. on its Chapter 11 case, involving negotiating and restructuring the financing and leasing arrangements with its lessors and financiers across the fleet.Advising Singapore Airlines on a US$1.5 billion sale and leaseback programme with several purchasers and lessors, including advising on the RFP, negotiation of commercial terms, final section of purchasers and drafting and negotiating each lease.Advising a towing company in relation to the Waste Recycling Regulations.Advising a commodities and resources company in relation to the quantification of damages in the event of a Force Majeure.Counsel on a $200 million bilateral facility to Bayfront Infrastructure incorporating rate switch provisions from LIBOR to Compounded SOFRAdvising a syndicate of 12 lenders on a $1.5 billion bridge loan facility incorporating rate switch provisions from LIBOR to Compounded SOFRAdvising a syndicate of 4 lenders on a $170 million facility incorporating rate switch provisions from LIBOR to Compounded SOFRAdvising a syndicate of 4 lenders generally on the impact of the LIBOR transition on an existing Islamic Financing.

Antitrust Compliance Counseling and Training

Real Estate Due Diligence and Transactional Advisory

Regulatory Compliance Counseling, Investigations, and Defense

Antitrust Counseling and Merger Investigations

Securities and Futures Compliance and Enforcement

International Trade and National Security

Foreign Investment and National Security Reviews, CFIUS Filings

International Protection of Intellectual Property Rights

Anti-Dumping, Countervailing Duty, and Safeguard Proceedings

International Trade and Investment Negotiations and Disputes

International Trade and Investment Policy

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan)

Economic Sanctions, Embargoes and FCPA Compliance

Cybersecurity, Privacy and Data Protection

California Privacy and the California Consumer Privacy Act

Electronic Surveillance and Law Enforcement Access

European Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, GPDR

Middle East Data Privacy and Cybersecurity

Asia-Pacific Data Privacy and Cybersecurity

HIPAA/Health Information Privacy, Security & Breach Response

Enforcement Issues, Immigration Litigation, and Crisis Management

Government Contracts Claims, Disputes, and Other Litigation

Non-Competes & Restrictive Covenant Litigation

Contractors, Staffing, and Contingent Workers

Executive Compensation & Employee Benefits

Environment, Land Use & Natural Resources

Family Law Post-Judgment Modification & Enforcement

Family Law Alternative Dispute Resolution & Mediation

Copyright and Trademark Strategic Counseling, Registration & Opinions

Copyright and Trademark Transactions & Agreements

Oil, Gas & Electric Regulatory Transactions

Real Estate Borrower-side Financing and Restructuring

Real Estate Lender-side Financing and Restructuring

Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions

Out-of-Court Debt Restructurings and Workouts

Government Contracts Accounting, Cost & Pricing

Government Contracts Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)


[System] You are a legal domain expert classifying attorney practice specialties. Always return your output via the function call provided. Do not ask for clarification or additional information. If information is missing, rely only on available inputs and return the most appropriate result.

[User]
You are given three components of an attorney's profile:

- Narrative Biography: A written overview of the attorney’s background and focus.
- Listed Practice Areas: Official practice areas assigned by the firm.
- Representative Matters: Bullet-point examples of the attorney’s real-world legal work.

Your Task:
Select the most accurate practice specialties from the master list below, based on the attorney’s actual experience. You may select multiple, but only if each is clearly supported by the narrative or matters. Only return specialty names exactly as they appear in the master list. Do not rephrase or invent new ones.

Selection Rules:
- Prioritize Representative Matters as your main evidence. If they are missing, ely only on the narrative biography or listed practice areas.
- Use the Narrative Biography secondarily.
- Listed Practice Areas should only confirm choices—not determine them.
- Prefer specific specialties (e.g., “Private Equity Transactions” over “Corporate”).
- Exclude specialties based solely on vague or ambiguous language.
- Exclude pro bono-only work.
- Do not include industries unless clearly relevant.
- Output only a plain list of specialty names—no formatting, bullets, or commentary.

Master List of Practice Specialties:Antitrust & Competition, Cartels, EU & Competition, State Aid, Antitrust Compliance Counseling and Training, Antitrust Litigation, Merger Investigations and Clearance, Banking & Finance, Acquisition & Leveraged Finance, Asset Finance, Aviation Finance, Rail Finance, Shipping Finance, Financial Regulation, Islamic Finance, Fintech, Distressed Debt, Mezzanine Finance, Fund Finance, Syndicated Finance, Loan Workouts and Restructurings, Capital Markets, Debt Capital Markets, IPOs and Direct Listings, Equity Capital Markets, Derivatives, High Yield, Structured Finance and Securitization, Corporate, Commercial Contracts, Corporate Governance, Emerging Companies & Venture Capital, Investment Funds and Asset Management, Hedge Funds, Private Equity Funds, Credit and Debt Funds, Venture Capital Funds, Distressed Asset Funds, Leveraged Buyout Funds, Real Estate Funds, Joint Ventures, Mergers & Acquisitions, Private Equity Transactions, Real Estate Due Diligence and Transactional Advisory, Regulatory Compliance Counseling, Investigations, and Defense, Government Investigations, Antitrust Counseling and Merger Investigations, Internal Investigations, Congressional Investigations, International Risk & Investigations, Anti-Bribery and Corruption, White Collar Defense, Securities and Futures Compliance and Enforcement, FDA Regulatory, Environmental Enforcement Defense, Healthcare and Life Sciences Regulatory, Insurance Regulatory, Consumer Protection and FTC, False Claims Act, International Trade and National Security, International Trade, Foreign Investment and National Security Reviews, CFIUS Filings, ITC Section 337 Proceedings, Export Controls, International Protection of Intellectual Property Rights, Anti-Dumping, Countervailing Duty, and Safeguard Proceedings, International Trade and Investment Negotiations and Disputes, WTO, NAFTA, Bilateral Investment Treaties, Free Trade Agreements, International Trade and Investment Policy, Ministry of Commerce (China), Directorate-General for Trade (EU), Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan), United States Trade Representative, International Commercial Arbitration, Customs Enforcement and Rultings, Supply Chain Security Issues, Economic Sanctions, Embargoes and FCPA Compliance, Anti-Boycott Regulations, Corporate Espionage, Cybersecurity, Privacy and Data Protection, California Privacy and the California Consumer Privacy Act, Cross-Border Transfers, Cybersecurity & Risk Management, Electronic Surveillance and Law Enforcement Access, European Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, GPDR, Financial Privacy, Middle East Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, Asia-Pacific Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, HIPAA/Health Information Privacy, Security & Breach Response, Human Resources Privacy, Privacy and Cyber Legislation, National Security & Digital Crimes, Privacy & Cyber Regulatory Enforcement, Ransomware, Dispute Resolution & Litigation, Alternative Dispute Resolution, Arbitration, Securities Litigation, Class Actions, International Arbitration, Commercial Litigation, Appellate & U.S. Supreme Court, M&A Litigation, Environmental Litigation, Employment Litigation & Counseling, Insurance Litigation, Intellectual Property Litigation, Trade Secrets Litigation, Construction Litigation, Energy Diputes and Litigation, ERISA & Employee Benefits Litigation, Bankruptcy Litigation, E-Discovery, Crisis Management, Trademark, Copyright & Media Litigation, Patent Litigation, Family Law Litigation, Enforcement Issues, Immigration Litigation, and Crisis Management, Bid Protest Litigation, Government Contracts Claims, Disputes, and Other Litigation, Labor & Employment, Discrimination & Retaliation, International Employment Compliance, Labor, Non-Competes & Restrictive Covenant Litigation, Wage & Hour Disputes, Whistleblower Counseling & Defense, Workplace Compliance & Investigations, Contractors, Staffing, and Contingent Workers, Handbooks & Policies, Human Resources Advice & Counsel, International Employment Law, Immigration, Permanent Residence, Business Visas, Labor Certification, Compliance and Auditing, Arts & Entertainment Immigration, EB-5 Program, Requests for Evidence (RFE), Consular Services, Executive Compensation & Employee Benefits, ERISA & Employee Benefits Counseling, Executive Compensation, Environment, Land Use & Natural Resources, Clean Air Act, Contaminated Sites & Remediation, Environmental Crisis Management, Water Regulation, Zoning, Family Law, Divorce, Annulment, Separation, Child Custody, Child Support, Cohabitation, Contested Adoption, Cross-Border & International Family Law, Reproductive Rights & Surrogacy, Parentage & Paternity, Prenuptial & Postnuptial Agreements, Family Law Post-Judgment Modification & Enforcement, Family Law Alternative Dispute Resolution & Mediation, Family Law Appellate, Torts and Insurance, Negligence and Malpractice, Personal Injury, Product Liability, Intellectual Property, Patents, Trade Secret Litigation, Intellectual Property Appellate, Standard Essential Patents, IP Chancery & Corporate Governance, Post-Grant Proceedings, Inter Partes Review, Post-Grant Review, Ex Parte Reexamination, Supplemental Examination, Patent Prosecution, Strategic Patent Counseling & Opinions, Patent Portfolio Management, Unitary Patent & Unified Patent Court, IP Licensing, IP and Tech Transactions & Agreements, Copyright and Trademark Strategic Counseling, Registration & Opinions, Advertising & Marketing, Domain Names & Internet, TTAB Oppositions & Cancellations, Digital Millennium Copyright Act, Copyright and Trademark Transactions & Agreements, Copyrights, Trademarks, Private Client, Charitable Giving, Private Client Tax, Trusts & Estates, Projects, Energy & Infrastructure, Project Finance, Facility Acquisitions and Dispositions, Project Development, Energy Regulatory, Electric Power & Utility Regulation, Liquids Pipeline Regulation, Natural Gas Regulation, Utility Rate Regulation, Oil, Gas & Electric Regulatory Transactions, Renewables Regulation, Real Estate, Commercial Property, Construction & Engineering, Real Estate Development, Real Estate Finance, Real Estate Borrower-side Financing and Restructuring, Real Estate Lender-side Financing and Restructuring, Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions, Real Estate Joint Ventures, Residential Property, Leasing, Corporate Real Estate, Co-op Boards, Real Estate Litigation, Zoning and Land Use, Title and Survey Review, Technology, Media & Telecommunications, Tax, Tax Controversy, State and Local Tax, Real Estate Tax, International Tax, Transactional Tax, Tax-Exempt Organizations, Bankruptcy & Restructuring, Creditor Representation, Debtor Reprentation, International Insolvency, Credit Opportunities, Out-of-Court Debt Restructurings and Workouts, Government Contracts, Government Contracts Accounting, Cost & Pricing, General Services Administration (GSA), Government Contracts Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), Grants, International Procurement, Suspension & Debarment, Government Contracts Transactions, Sectors and Issues, Healthcare & Life Sciences, Consumer Products, ESG, Shareholder Activism, European Union, China, Aerospace and Defense, Gaming, Climate Change, SPACs, Automotive, Digital Assets and Web3, Aviation, Russia/Ukraine, Transportation, Rail, Shipping, Outsourcing, Oil & Gas, Power, Renewables & Alternative Energy, Internet, Applications and Social Media, Open Source Software, Video Gaming & eSports, First Amendment, Hospitality, Resorts and Gaming, Media & Entertainment, Technology, Telecommunications, Sport, Maritime Litigation, Maritime Regulatory Compliance, Maritime Environmental, Maritime Finance, Maritime Transactions

Narrative Biography: Advises on IP and technology matters, including strategic commercial and licensing arrangements, mergers, acquisitions and other corporate transactions. Samantha advises clients on a wide range of IP and technology-related corporate and commercial transactions, including licensing and collaboration agreements, supply and distribution agreements and other strategic commercial agreements. She also advises on the IP and technology-related aspects of M&A transactions, joint ventures, financings, restructurings and capital markets offerings.
Listed Practice Areas: IP & Commercial Transactions, Healthcare & Life Sciences
Representative Matters: GSK agreements with Hengrui Pharma to develop up to 12 innovative medicinesGSK strategic alliance with Vesalius TherapeuticsGSK collaboration with Flagship PioneeringGSK exclusive license agreement for HS-20093 with Hansoh PharmaGSK exclusive license agreement for HS-20089 with Hansoh PharmaGSK collaboration extension and new data licensing agreement with 23andMeGSK exclusive licensing agreement with ScynexisCellular Biomedicine Group CAR-T collaboration and license agreement with JanssenAC Immune exclusive option and license agreement with Takeda PharmaceuticalsNovo Nordisk acquisition of certain Catalent sites from Novo HoldingsSpirit Airlines emerges from chapter 11Delta Air Lines $9 billion SkyMiles secured financingsSpirit Airlines $850 million senior notes offeringDavis Polk Advises Kitty Hawk Corporation on Its Formation of a Strategic Partnership with BoeingRevlon BrandCo $815 million financingHeineken strategic partnership with China Resources to join forces in ChinaDavis Polk Advises VF Corporation on Its Acquisition of the Altra Footwear BrandDavis Polk Advises VF Corporation on the Sale of the Reef Brand to The Rockport GroupSpectrum Brands $4.3 billion sale of its Hardware & Home Improvement segmentIHS Markit sells Base Chemicals business to News CorpState Street $3.5 billion acquisition of Brown Brothers Harriman Investor ServicesIHS Markit sells OPIS and associated businesses to News CorpGoogle investment in Reliance Industries’ Jio Platforms unitDigicel Group $1.85 billion sale of Pacific operations to Telstra

Antitrust Compliance Counseling and Training

Real Estate Due Diligence and Transactional Advisory

Regulatory Compliance Counseling, Investigations, and Defense

Antitrust Counseling and Merger Investigations

Securities and Futures Compliance and Enforcement

International Trade and National Security

Foreign Investment and National Security Reviews, CFIUS Filings

International Protection of Intellectual Property Rights

Anti-Dumping, Countervailing Duty, and Safeguard Proceedings

International Trade and Investment Negotiations and Disputes

International Trade and Investment Policy

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan)

Economic Sanctions, Embargoes and FCPA Compliance

Cybersecurity, Privacy and Data Protection

California Privacy and the California Consumer Privacy Act

Electronic Surveillance and Law Enforcement Access

European Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, GPDR

Middle East Data Privacy and Cybersecurity

Asia-Pacific Data Privacy and Cybersecurity

HIPAA/Health Information Privacy, Security & Breach Response

Enforcement Issues, Immigration Litigation, and Crisis Management

Government Contracts Claims, Disputes, and Other Litigation

Non-Competes & Restrictive Covenant Litigation

Contractors, Staffing, and Contingent Workers

Executive Compensation & Employee Benefits

Environment, Land Use & Natural Resources

Family Law Post-Judgment Modification & Enforcement

Family Law Alternative Dispute Resolution & Mediation

Copyright and Trademark Strategic Counseling, Registration & Opinions

Copyright and Trademark Transactions & Agreements

Oil, Gas & Electric Regulatory Transactions

Real Estate Borrower-side Financing and Restructuring

Real Estate Lender-side Financing and Restructuring

Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions

Out-of-Court Debt Restructurings and Workouts

Government Contracts Accounting, Cost & Pricing

Government Contracts Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)


[System] You are a legal domain expert classifying attorney practice specialties. Always return your output via the function call provided. Do not ask for clarification or additional information. If information is missing, rely only on available inputs and return the most appropriate result.

[User]
You are given three components of an attorney's profile:

- Narrative Biography: A written overview of the attorney’s background and focus.
- Listed Practice Areas: Official practice areas assigned by the firm.
- Representative Matters: Bullet-point examples of the attorney’s real-world legal work.

Your Task:
Select the most accurate practice specialties from the master list below, based on the attorney’s actual experience. You may select multiple, but only if each is clearly supported by the narrative or matters. Only return specialty names exactly as they appear in the master list. Do not rephrase or invent new ones.

Selection Rules:
- Prioritize Representative Matters as your main evidence. If they are missing, ely only on the narrative biography or listed practice areas.
- Use the Narrative Biography secondarily.
- Listed Practice Areas should only confirm choices—not determine them.
- Prefer specific specialties (e.g., “Private Equity Transactions” over “Corporate”).
- Exclude specialties based solely on vague or ambiguous language.
- Exclude pro bono-only work.
- Do not include industries unless clearly relevant.
- Output only a plain list of specialty names—no formatting, bullets, or commentary.

Master List of Practice Specialties:Antitrust & Competition, Cartels, EU & Competition, State Aid, Antitrust Compliance Counseling and Training, Antitrust Litigation, Merger Investigations and Clearance, Banking & Finance, Acquisition & Leveraged Finance, Asset Finance, Aviation Finance, Rail Finance, Shipping Finance, Financial Regulation, Islamic Finance, Fintech, Distressed Debt, Mezzanine Finance, Fund Finance, Syndicated Finance, Loan Workouts and Restructurings, Capital Markets, Debt Capital Markets, IPOs and Direct Listings, Equity Capital Markets, Derivatives, High Yield, Structured Finance and Securitization, Corporate, Commercial Contracts, Corporate Governance, Emerging Companies & Venture Capital, Investment Funds and Asset Management, Hedge Funds, Private Equity Funds, Credit and Debt Funds, Venture Capital Funds, Distressed Asset Funds, Leveraged Buyout Funds, Real Estate Funds, Joint Ventures, Mergers & Acquisitions, Private Equity Transactions, Real Estate Due Diligence and Transactional Advisory, Regulatory Compliance Counseling, Investigations, and Defense, Government Investigations, Antitrust Counseling and Merger Investigations, Internal Investigations, Congressional Investigations, International Risk & Investigations, Anti-Bribery and Corruption, White Collar Defense, Securities and Futures Compliance and Enforcement, FDA Regulatory, Environmental Enforcement Defense, Healthcare and Life Sciences Regulatory, Insurance Regulatory, Consumer Protection and FTC, False Claims Act, International Trade and National Security, International Trade, Foreign Investment and National Security Reviews, CFIUS Filings, ITC Section 337 Proceedings, Export Controls, International Protection of Intellectual Property Rights, Anti-Dumping, Countervailing Duty, and Safeguard Proceedings, International Trade and Investment Negotiations and Disputes, WTO, NAFTA, Bilateral Investment Treaties, Free Trade Agreements, International Trade and Investment Policy, Ministry of Commerce (China), Directorate-General for Trade (EU), Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan), United States Trade Representative, International Commercial Arbitration, Customs Enforcement and Rultings, Supply Chain Security Issues, Economic Sanctions, Embargoes and FCPA Compliance, Anti-Boycott Regulations, Corporate Espionage, Cybersecurity, Privacy and Data Protection, California Privacy and the California Consumer Privacy Act, Cross-Border Transfers, Cybersecurity & Risk Management, Electronic Surveillance and Law Enforcement Access, European Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, GPDR, Financial Privacy, Middle East Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, Asia-Pacific Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, HIPAA/Health Information Privacy, Security & Breach Response, Human Resources Privacy, Privacy and Cyber Legislation, National Security & Digital Crimes, Privacy & Cyber Regulatory Enforcement, Ransomware, Dispute Resolution & Litigation, Alternative Dispute Resolution, Arbitration, Securities Litigation, Class Actions, International Arbitration, Commercial Litigation, Appellate & U.S. Supreme Court, M&A Litigation, Environmental Litigation, Employment Litigation & Counseling, Insurance Litigation, Intellectual Property Litigation, Trade Secrets Litigation, Construction Litigation, Energy Diputes and Litigation, ERISA & Employee Benefits Litigation, Bankruptcy Litigation, E-Discovery, Crisis Management, Trademark, Copyright & Media Litigation, Patent Litigation, Family Law Litigation, Enforcement Issues, Immigration Litigation, and Crisis Management, Bid Protest Litigation, Government Contracts Claims, Disputes, and Other Litigation, Labor & Employment, Discrimination & Retaliation, International Employment Compliance, Labor, Non-Competes & Restrictive Covenant Litigation, Wage & Hour Disputes, Whistleblower Counseling & Defense, Workplace Compliance & Investigations, Contractors, Staffing, and Contingent Workers, Handbooks & Policies, Human Resources Advice & Counsel, International Employment Law, Immigration, Permanent Residence, Business Visas, Labor Certification, Compliance and Auditing, Arts & Entertainment Immigration, EB-5 Program, Requests for Evidence (RFE), Consular Services, Executive Compensation & Employee Benefits, ERISA & Employee Benefits Counseling, Executive Compensation, Environment, Land Use & Natural Resources, Clean Air Act, Contaminated Sites & Remediation, Environmental Crisis Management, Water Regulation, Zoning, Family Law, Divorce, Annulment, Separation, Child Custody, Child Support, Cohabitation, Contested Adoption, Cross-Border & International Family Law, Reproductive Rights & Surrogacy, Parentage & Paternity, Prenuptial & Postnuptial Agreements, Family Law Post-Judgment Modification & Enforcement, Family Law Alternative Dispute Resolution & Mediation, Family Law Appellate, Torts and Insurance, Negligence and Malpractice, Personal Injury, Product Liability, Intellectual Property, Patents, Trade Secret Litigation, Intellectual Property Appellate, Standard Essential Patents, IP Chancery & Corporate Governance, Post-Grant Proceedings, Inter Partes Review, Post-Grant Review, Ex Parte Reexamination, Supplemental Examination, Patent Prosecution, Strategic Patent Counseling & Opinions, Patent Portfolio Management, Unitary Patent & Unified Patent Court, IP Licensing, IP and Tech Transactions & Agreements, Copyright and Trademark Strategic Counseling, Registration & Opinions, Advertising & Marketing, Domain Names & Internet, TTAB Oppositions & Cancellations, Digital Millennium Copyright Act, Copyright and Trademark Transactions & Agreements, Copyrights, Trademarks, Private Client, Charitable Giving, Private Client Tax, Trusts & Estates, Projects, Energy & Infrastructure, Project Finance, Facility Acquisitions and Dispositions, Project Development, Energy Regulatory, Electric Power & Utility Regulation, Liquids Pipeline Regulation, Natural Gas Regulation, Utility Rate Regulation, Oil, Gas & Electric Regulatory Transactions, Renewables Regulation, Real Estate, Commercial Property, Construction & Engineering, Real Estate Development, Real Estate Finance, Real Estate Borrower-side Financing and Restructuring, Real Estate Lender-side Financing and Restructuring, Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions, Real Estate Joint Ventures, Residential Property, Leasing, Corporate Real Estate, Co-op Boards, Real Estate Litigation, Zoning and Land Use, Title and Survey Review, Technology, Media & Telecommunications, Tax, Tax Controversy, State and Local Tax, Real Estate Tax, International Tax, Transactional Tax, Tax-Exempt Organizations, Bankruptcy & Restructuring, Creditor Representation, Debtor Reprentation, International Insolvency, Credit Opportunities, Out-of-Court Debt Restructurings and Workouts, Government Contracts, Government Contracts Accounting, Cost & Pricing, General Services Administration (GSA), Government Contracts Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), Grants, International Procurement, Suspension & Debarment, Government Contracts Transactions, Sectors and Issues, Healthcare & Life Sciences, Consumer Products, ESG, Shareholder Activism, European Union, China, Aerospace and Defense, Gaming, Climate Change, SPACs, Automotive, Digital Assets and Web3, Aviation, Russia/Ukraine, Transportation, Rail, Shipping, Outsourcing, Oil & Gas, Power, Renewables & Alternative Energy, Internet, Applications and Social Media, Open Source Software, Video Gaming & eSports, First Amendment, Hospitality, Resorts and Gaming, Media & Entertainment, Technology, Telecommunications, Sport, Maritime Litigation, Maritime Regulatory Compliance, Maritime Environmental, Maritime Finance, Maritime Transactions

Narrative Biography: Senior Counsel after 12 years as a partner in our Tax practice.
Listed Practice Areas:
Representative Matters:

Antitrust Compliance Counseling and Training

Real Estate Due Diligence and Transactional Advisory

Regulatory Compliance Counseling, Investigations, and Defense

Antitrust Counseling and Merger Investigations

Securities and Futures Compliance and Enforcement

International Trade and National Security

Foreign Investment and National Security Reviews, CFIUS Filings

International Protection of Intellectual Property Rights

Anti-Dumping, Countervailing Duty, and Safeguard Proceedings

International Trade and Investment Negotiations and Disputes

International Trade and Investment Policy

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan)

Economic Sanctions, Embargoes and FCPA Compliance

Cybersecurity, Privacy and Data Protection

California Privacy and the California Consumer Privacy Act

Electronic Surveillance and Law Enforcement Access

European Data Privacy and Cybersecurity, GPDR

Middle East Data Privacy and Cybersecurity

Asia-Pacific Data Privacy and Cybersecurity

HIPAA/Health Information Privacy, Security & Breach Response

Enforcement Issues, Immigration Litigation, and Crisis Management

Government Contracts Claims, Disputes, and Other Litigation

Non-Competes & Restrictive Covenant Litigation

Contractors, Staffing, and Contingent Workers

Executive Compensation & Employee Benefits

Environment, Land Use & Natural Resources

Family Law Post-Judgment Modification & Enforcement

Family Law Alternative Dispute Resolution & Mediation

Copyright and Trademark Strategic Counseling, Registration & Opinions

Copyright and Trademark Transactions & Agreements

Oil, Gas & Electric Regulatory Transactions

Real Estate Borrower-side Financing and Restructuring

Real Estate Lender-side Financing and Restructuring

Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions

Out-of-Court Debt Restructurings and Workouts

Government Contracts Accounting, Cost & Pricing

Government Contracts Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)